常见的4种线程池

1、固定大小的线程池

示例：10个任务的执行，只会用到线程池中创建好的3个线程

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //固定大小线程池
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
            final int index = i;
            //执行10个任务,用到的线程就是线程池里面固定的那3个
            executorService.submit(() -> {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":执行任务" + index);
            });
        }
        executorService.shutdown();//关闭线程池
        /**
         * ====运行结果====
         * pool-1-thread-2:执行任务1
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务0
         * pool-1-thread-3:执行任务2
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务4
         * pool-1-thread-2:执行任务3
         * pool-1-thread-2:执行任务7
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务6
         * pool-1-thread-3:执行任务5
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务9
         * pool-1-thread-2:执行任务8
         */
    }
}

2、单线程线程池

示例：10个任务的执行，只会用到1个线程执行这10条任务

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //单个线程
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
            final int index = i;
            executorService.submit(() -> {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":执行任务" + index);
            });
        }
        executorService.shutdown();//关闭线程池
        /**
         * ====运行结果====
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务0
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务1
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务2
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务3
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务4
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务5
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务6
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务7
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务8
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务9
         */
    }
}

3、可缓存的线程池

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //可缓存的线程池，创建线程的数量不确定，处理多任务时，慎用（创建了太多的线程，导致oom)
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
            final int index = i;
            executorService.submit(() -> {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":执行任务" + index);
            });
        }
        executorService.shutdown();//关闭线程池
        /**
         * ====运行结果====
         * pool-1-thread-1:执行任务0
         * pool-1-thread-4:执行任务3
         * pool-1-thread-6:执行任务5
         * pool-1-thread-5:执行任务4
         * pool-1-thread-3:执行任务2
         * pool-1-thread-2:执行任务1
         * pool-1-thread-8:执行任务7
         * pool-1-thread-7:执行任务6
         * pool-1-thread-10:执行任务9
         * pool-1-thread-9:执行任务8
         */
    }
}

4、定时调度线程池

示例：每隔3秒钟，线程池创建的3个线程会执行这10个任务

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //定时调度的线程池
        ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3);
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
            final int index = i;
            scheduledExecutorService.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":执行任务" + index);
                }
            }, 1,3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        }
        //scheduledExecutorService.shutdown();//关闭线程池
    }
}