JavaWeb学习笔记04——HttpServletResponse与HttpServletRequest

当web服务器接收到客户端的http请求时，会分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象以及一个代表响应的HttpServletResponse对象；

• 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数，可通过HttpServletRequest来完成
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息，可通过HttpServletResponse来完成

1、HttpServletResponse方法

• HttpServletResponse中负责向浏览器发送数据的方法：

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

注：HttpServletResponse是一个接口，所以只声明了方法，并没有方法的具体实现。服务器创建的对象实现上是HttpServletResponse实现类的对象。

• 负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

    void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
    void setContentLength(int var1);
    void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
    void setContentType(String var1);
    void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
    void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
    void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
    void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
    void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
    void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

• 响应的状态码

    int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2.HttpServletResponse实现下载文件

使用HttpServletResponse下载文件的流程：
1.获取要下载文件的路径
2.获取要下载的文件名
3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
4.获取下载文件的输入流
5.创建缓冲区
6.获取OutputStream对象
7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端

实现代码：

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.png");// '/'表示web根目录
        System.out.println("下载的文件路径：" + realPath);
        //2.获取要下载的文件名
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码，否则有可能乱码
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
        //4.获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File(realPath));
        //5.创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //6.获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！
        while ((len=in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }
}

3.HttpServletResponse实现重定向与HttpServletRequest实现转发

重定向与转发的区别：转发和重定向的区别和使用
java实现代码：

public class OneServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.print("这是One<br/>");
        //向请求域中添加键和值
        req.setAttribute("name","xld");
        req.setAttribute("age", 22);  //整数类型
        String name = (String) req.getAttribute("name");
        int age = (int) req.getAttribute("age");
        //从请求域中取出值
        out.print("名字：" + name + "<br/>");
        out.print("年龄：" +  age );
        out.print("<hr/>");

        //开始转发,参数是：要跳转到的地址
        //req.getRequestDispatcher("/two").forward(req, resp);
        //使用重定向
        resp.sendRedirect("two");

        out.close();
    }
}

public class TwoServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.print("这是TwoServlet，从请求域中取出OneServlet中的值:" );
        out.print("姓名：" + req.getAttribute("name"));
        out.print("年龄：" + req.getAttribute("age"));

        out.close();
    }

}

4.HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求，用户可以通过Http协议访问服务器，而HTTP请求中的所有信息都会被封装到HttpServletRequest，通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法，获得客户端的所有信息
java实现代码：

public class ReqServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("url路径："+req.getRequestURL());
        System.out.println("uri路径："+req.getRequestURI());
        System.out.println("context路径："+req.getContextPath());
    }
}