对ThreadPoolTaskExecutor的理解

ThreadPoolExecutor的实现中，使用到了CAS、AbstractQueuedSynchronizer、ReentrantLock。
1、主要构造函数
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
1)corePoolSize，核心线程数
2）maximumPoolSize，最大线程数
3）keepAliveTime，多余核心线程数的其余线程的空闲时间。
4）unit，针对keepAliveTime的单位
5）workQueue，任务阻塞队列，使用较多的是：ArrayBlockingQueue
6）threadFactory，创建线程的工厂，可以自定义。
7）handler，当阻塞队列慢，且没有空闲线程，这个时候提交任务时，采取的策略。默认策略是AbortPolicy（直接抛出异常）

2、主要方法
1）public void execute(Runnable command)
在将来的某个时间执行指定任务command，可能在新线程中或者在现有池线程中执行该任务。
public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        int c = ctl.get();
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }

分析：
addWorker:添加线程并处理任务
workQueue.offer:为入阻塞队列
reject(command):拒绝策略处理该任务。
注意，在workerCountOf(recheck) == 0时执行addWorker(null, false);这是为了保证线程池在RUNNING状态下必须要有一个线程来执行任务。

这里有个算法来处理当前任务：
如果workerCount < corePoolSize，则创建并启动一个线程来执行新提交的任务；
如果workerCount >= corePoolSize，且线程池内的阻塞队列未满，则将任务添加到该阻塞队列中；
如果workerCount >= corePoolSize && workerCount < maximumPoolSize，且线程池内的阻塞队列已满，则创建并启动一个线程来执行新提交的任务；
如果workerCount >= maximumPoolSize，并且线程池内的阻塞队列已满, 则根据拒绝策略来处理该任务, 默认的处理方式是直接抛异常。

2)private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core)
添加线程并处理任务，firstTask为添加的第一个任务，新增线程时，会判断当前线程数是否少于corePoolSize，如果core=true，则与corePoolSize比较，否则为false，与maximumPoolSize比较。
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
          retry:
          for (;;) {
              int c = ctl.get();
              int rs = runStateOf(c);

              // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
              if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                  ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                     firstTask == null &&
                     ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                  return false;

              for (;;) {
                  int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                  if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                      wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                      return false;
                  if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                      break retry;
                  c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                  if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                      continue retry;
                  // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
              }
          }

          boolean workerStarted = false;
          boolean workerAdded = false;
          Worker w = null;
          try {
              w = new Worker(firstTask);//创建一个orker
              final Thread t = w.thread;
              if (t != null) {
                  final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                  mainLock.lock();
                  try {
                      // Recheck while holding lock.
                      // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                      // shut down before lock acquired.
                      int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                      if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                          (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                          if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                              throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                          workers.add(w);
                          int s = workers.size();
                          if (s > largestPoolSize)
                              largestPoolSize = s;
                          workerAdded = true;
                      }
                  } finally {
                      mainLock.unlock();
                  }
                  if (workerAdded) {
                      t.start();//执行任务。
                      workerStarted = true;
                  }
              }
          } finally {
              if (! workerStarted)
                  addWorkerFailed(w);
          }
          return workerStarted;
      }

分析：
核心语句：t.start();执行线程，该线程从Worker类里取得，下面先分析下Worker类。

3）分析Worker

private final class Worker
        extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
        implements Runnable
    {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;

        final Thread thread;
        Runnable firstTask;
        volatile long completedTasks;

可见Worker类实现了Runnable。关于它的构造函数如下：
        Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
            setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
            this.firstTask = firstTask;
            this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
        }
在创建线程时，入参是this，也就是说当执行thread.start的时候，将执行Worker下的run方法。
也就是说，在addWorker里的核心语句t.start();将执行的是Worker下的run方法，Worker的run方法如下：
public void run() {
     runWorker(this);
}

4)final void runWorker(Worker w)
ThreadPoolExecutor的方法
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        Runnable task = w.firstTask;
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                w.lock();
                // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
                // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
                // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
                // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    Throwable thrown = null;
                    try {
                        task.run();
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Error x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                    } finally {
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
    }

分析：
while语句中的判断，首先会取Worker.firstTask来执行，如果Worker.firstTask处理完，再getTask()来获取队列里的其他任务来处理。
任务处理语句：task.run();
可以看到，在执行任务前后，会调用beforeExecute(wt, task);afterExecute(task, thrown);这个可用于自定义扩展，在执行线程任务前后的处理工作。
处理完任务后，删除Worker，退出线程：processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);

5)private Runnable getTask()
ThreadPoolExecutor的方法，从阻塞队列中，取任务。
private Runnable getTask() {
        boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                decrementWorkerCount();
                return null;
            }

            int wc = workerCountOf(c);

            // Are workers subject to culling?
            boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;

            if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
                && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                    return null;
                continue;
            }

            try {
                Runnable r = timed ?
                    workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                    workQueue.take();
                if (r != null)
                    return r;
                timedOut = true;
            } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
                timedOut = false;
            }
        }
    }

分析：
核心语句： Runnable r = timed ?
                         workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                         workQueue.take();
去任务的时候，这里有个timed的判断，即如果配置了核心线程允许超时 或者 当前线程数已经大于 corePoolSize，
则通过poll方法取任务：workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)，
否则，通过take方法取任务：workQueue.take()。
以ArrayBlockingQueue类为例，poll和take的区别如下：
    public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
           long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
           final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
           lock.lockInterruptibly();
           try {
               while (count == 0) {
                   if (nanos <= 0)
                       return null;
                   nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
               }
               return dequeue();
           } finally {
               lock.unlock();
           }
       }

    public E take() throws InterruptedException {
            final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
            lock.lockInterruptibly();
            try {
                while (count == 0)
                    notEmpty.await();
                return dequeue();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
可以看到，poll取任务时，awaitNanos有时间限制，当时间超过nanos时，队列里还是空的，则返回null。
而take取任务时，notEmpty.await()，当队列为空时，方法会一直阻塞，直到取出队列的任务。

6)private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly)
ThreadPoolExecutor的方法，
private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly) {
        if (completedAbruptly) // If abrupt, then workerCount wasn't adjusted
            decrementWorkerCount();

        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
            workers.remove(w);//从Worker集合中移除当前worker
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }

        tryTerminate();

        int c = ctl.get();
        if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP)) {
            if (!completedAbruptly) {
                int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize;
                if (min == 0 && ! workQueue.isEmpty())
                    min = 1;
                if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
                    return; // replacement not needed
            }
            addWorker(null, false);
        }
    }

分析：
从Worker集合中移除当前worker后，调用tryTerminate()，该tryTerminate主要用于中断一个空闲的线程。

7） final void tryTerminate()
ThreadPoolExecutor的方法，
final void tryTerminate() {
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            if (isRunning(c) ||
                runStateAtLeast(c, TIDYING) ||
                (runStateOf(c) == SHUTDOWN && ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return;
            if (workerCountOf(c) != 0) { // Eligible to terminate
                interruptIdleWorkers(ONLY_ONE);
                return;
            }

            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
            mainLock.lock();
            try {
                if (ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(TIDYING, 0))) {
                    try {
                        terminated();
                    } finally {
                        ctl.set(ctlOf(TERMINATED, 0));
                        termination.signalAll();
                    }
                    return;
                }
            } finally {
                mainLock.unlock();
            }
            // else retry on failed CAS
        }
    }

分析：
中断线程核心语句：interruptIdleWorkers(ONLY_ONE);仅且只中断一个。
下面还有一句terminated();该方法目前没有实现，用于扩展，子类可以自定义实现。

8）private void interruptIdleWorkers(boolean onlyOne)
ThreadPoolExecutor的方法，参数onlyOne=true，表示仅中断一个，否则中断所有的空闲线程。

private void interruptIdleWorkers(boolean onlyOne) {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            for (Worker w : workers) {
                Thread t = w.thread;
                if (!t.isInterrupted() && w.tryLock()) {
                    try {
                        t.interrupt();
                    } catch (SecurityException ignore) {
                    } finally {
                        w.unlock();
                    }
                }
                if (onlyOne)
                    break;
            }
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
    }

分析：
核心语句： t.interrupt(); 只是设置该线程的中断标志位，当其他逻辑拿到线程中断标志位，做相应的处理，
比如说，getTask里的方法取队列时，调用了await方法，当收到中断标志位后，会抛出InterruptedException异常而中止阻塞。