微服务环境搭建(spring cloud Alibaba)(一)

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已于 2023-05-24 14:44:13 修改

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分类专栏： Java企业 / 公司项目知识点文章标签：微服务 java spring

于 2023-05-24 14:07:38 首次发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_60870118/article/details/130835114

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模块: 商品模块, 订单模块, 用户模块

一. 1. 技术选型以及准备工作

maven : 3.8.8版本

数据库: MySQL 8.0.32

持久层: springData , jpa

其他java环境 : SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

2. 模块设计

springcloud- alibaba 父工程

shop - common 公共模块 [ 实体类 ]

shop - user 用户服务 [ 端口号: 807x ]

shop - product 商品微服务 [ 端口: 808x ]

shop - order 订单微服务 [ 端口: 809 x]

简单架构如下图:

3. 微服务实现简单介绍

在微服务架构中,最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用.在电商系统重常见的用户下单来掩饰微服务之间的调用, 客户想订单微服务发起一个下单的请求 , 在尽心保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品信息

主动调用: 服务消费者被动调用: 服务提供者

二 . 1. 创建父工程项目(记得查看版本)

相对应的maven依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
<!--                版本对应：-->
<!--                2.3 创建基础模块-->
<!--                1 创建 shop-common 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖-->
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>


</project>

三 . 1. 创建公共基础模块 shop- common

导入相对应的pom.xml ,

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.76</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.32</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

如图所示:

在shop-common中新建com. example. server. pojo包

创建实体类user

package com.example.server.pojo;


import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity(name = "shop-user")
@Data
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer uid;//主键
    private String username;//用户名
    private String password;//密码
    private String telephone;//手机号
}

创建实体类Product

package com.example.server.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
    @Id
    // 注解存在的意义主要就是为一个实体生成一个唯一标识的主键、
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer pid;//主键
    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品价格
    private Integer stock;//库存
}

创建实体类 Order

package com.example.server.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

//订单
@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long oid;//订单id
    private Integer uid;//用户id
    private String username;//用户名
    private Integer pid;//商品id
    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品单价
    private Integer number;//购买数量
}

四. 搭建用户微服务模块shop-user

步骤: 1 创建模块导入依赖

目录结构:

2 创建SpringBoot主类

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ShopUserApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ShopUserApplication.class, args);
    }

}

3 加入配置文件

4 创建必要的接口和实现类(controller service dao) 新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后进行下面操作 1 创建pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

5. 创建配置文件 application.yml

server:
  port: 8071
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

五. 搭建商品微服务模块 shop-product

pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

编写主类 springboot执行类

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ShopProductApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ShopProductApplication.class, args);
    }

}

创建配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///springcloud_shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: 123456
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

创建在com.example. productDao接口

package com.example.dao;

import com.example.server.pojo.Product;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}

创建ProductService接口和实现类

ProductService

package com.example.service;

import com.example.server.pojo.Product;

public interface ProductService {
    Product findByPid(Integer pid);
}

ProductServiceimpl

package com.example.service.impl;

import com.example.dao.ProductDao;
import com.example.server.pojo.Product;
import com.example.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;



    @Override
    public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
        return productDao.findById(pid).get();
    }
}

创建Controller

package com.example.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.example.server.pojo.Product;
import com.example.service.ProductService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;


    @GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
    public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
        log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        return product;
    }

}

创建MySQL数据库:

create database  springcloud_shop;
use springcloud_shop;


create table  shop_product (
pid int ,
pname VARCHAR(10) not NULL,

pprice  VARCHAR(10) not null,
stock VARCHAR(10) not null

);

create table shop_user(
uid int not null primary key,
username VARCHAR(20) ,

password VARCHAR(20),

telephone VARCHAR(11)

);
delete from shop_user

create table shop_user (
uid integer not null auto_increment, 
userpassword varchar(255), 
telephone varchar(255), 
username varchar(255), 
primary key (uid)

) engine=InnoDB

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(1,'小米','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(2,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(3,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(4,'OPPO','4000','5000');

通过浏览器访问服务 localhost:8081/product/1

六. 微服务搭建订单模块 shop-order

创建一个名为 shop-order 的模块,并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

创建springboot执行类

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ShopOrderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ShopOrderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

在com.example.serve..dao

OrderDao接口

package com.example.server.dao;

import com.example.server.pojo.Order;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
}

com.example.serve包接口

OrderService

package com.example.server.service;

import com.example.server.pojo.Order;

public interface OrderService {
    void save(Order order);
}

OrderServiceImpl

package com.example.server.service.impl;

import com.example.server.dao.OrderDao;
import com.example.server.pojo.Order;
import com.example.server.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;

    @Override
    public void save(Order order) {
        orderDao.save(order);
    }
}

创建RestTemplate 通过restTemplate调用商品微服务

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

创建controller

package com.example.server.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.example.server.pojo.Order;
import com.example.server.pojo.Product;
import com.example.server.service.OrderService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
    //准备买1件商品
    @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
    public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
                "http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);
        log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUid(1);
        order.setUsername("测试用户");
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setNumber(1);
        orderService.save(order);
        return order;
    }
}

启动服务之后访问: localhost:8091/order/prod/1

这样简单的微服务环境搭建好了