效率最快:
此方法Oracle和SQL Server2005通用。
select id,name,class,date from(
select id,name,class,date ,row_number() over(partition by class order by date desc)
as rowindex from table1)a
where rowindex<=5
其中 class是类别字段
rowindex<=5 取出前5
其他通用方法:
数据如下:
name val memo
a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
a 3 a3:a的第三个值
b 1 b1--b的第一个值
b 3 b3:b的第三个值
b 2 b2b2b2b2
b 4 b4b4
b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
*/
--创建表并插入数据:
create table tb(name varchar(10),val int,memo varchar(20))
insert into tb values('a', 2, 'a2(a的第二个值)')
insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
insert into tb values('b', 1, 'b1--b的第一个值')
insert into tb values('b', 3, 'b3:b的第三个值')
insert into tb values('b', 2, 'b2b2b2b2')
insert into tb values('b', 4, 'b4b4')
insert into tb values('b', 5, 'b5b5b5b5b5')
go
--一、按name分组取val最大的值所在行的数据。
--方法1:
select a.* from tb a where val = (select max(val) from tb where name = a.name) order by a.name
--方法2:
select a.* from tb a where not exists(select 1 from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val)
--方法3:
select a.* from tb a,(select name,max(val) val from tb group by name) b where a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
--方法4:
select a.* from tb a inner join (select name , max(val) val from tb group by name) b on a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
--方法5
select a.* from tb a where 1 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val ) order by a.name
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 3 a3:a的第三个值
b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
*/
--二、按name分组取val最小的值所在行的数据。
--方法1:
select a.* from tb a where val = (select min(val) from tb where name = a.name) order by a.name
--方法2:
select a.* from tb a where not exists(select 1 from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val)
--方法3:
select a.* from tb a,(select name,min(val) val from tb group by name) b where a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
--方法4:
select a.* from tb a inner join (select name , min(val) val from tb group by name) b on a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
--方法5
select a.* from tb a where 1 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val) order by a.name
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
b 1 b1--b的第一个值
*/
--三、按name分组取第一次出现的行所在的数据。
select a.* from tb a where val = (select top 1 val from tb where name = a.name) order by a.name
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
b 1 b1--b的第一个值
*/
--四、按name分组随机取一条数据。
select a.* from tb a where val = (select top 1 val from tb where name = a.name order by newid()) order by a.name
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
*/
--五、按name分组取最小的两个(N个)val
select a.* from tb a where 2 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val ) order by a.name,a.val
select a.* from tb a where val in (select top 2 val from tb where name=a.name order by val) order by a.name,a.val
select a.* from tb a where exists (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val having Count(*) < 2) order by a.name
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
b 1 b1--b的第一个值
b 2 b2b2b2b2
*/
--六、按name分组取最大的两个(N个)val
select a.* from tb a where 2 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val ) order by a.name,a.val
select a.* from tb a where val in (select top 2 val from tb where name=a.name order by val desc) order by a.name,a.val
select a.* from tb a where exists (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val having Count(*) < 2) order by a.name
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
a 3 a3:a的第三个值
b 4 b4b4
b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
*/
--七,如果整行数据有重复,所有的列都相同。
/*
数据如下:
name val memo
a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
a 3 a3:a的第三个值
a 3 a3:a的第三个值
b 1 b1--b的第一个值
b 3 b3:b的第三个值
b 2 b2b2b2b2
b 4 b4b4
b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
*/
--在sql server 2000中只能用一个临时表来解决,生成一个自增列,先对val取最大或最小,然后再通过自增列来取数据。
--创建表并插入数据:
create table tb(name varchar(10),val int,memo varchar(20))
insert into tb values('a', 2, 'a2(a的第二个值)')
insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
insert into tb values('b', 1, 'b1--b的第一个值')
insert into tb values('b', 3, 'b3:b的第三个值')
insert into tb values('b', 2, 'b2b2b2b2')
insert into tb values('b', 4, 'b4b4')
insert into tb values('b', 5, 'b5b5b5b5b5')
go
select * , px = identity(int,1,1) into tmp from tb
select m.name,m.val,m.memo from
(
select t.* from tmp t where val = (select min(val) from tmp where name = t.name)
) m where px = (select min(px) from
(
select t.* from tmp t where val = (select min(val) from tmp where name = t.name)
) n where n.name = m.name)
drop table tb,tmp
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
b 1 b1--b的第一个值
(2 行受影响)
*/
--在sql server 2005中可以使用row_number函数,不需要使用临时表。
--创建表并插入数据:
create table tb(name varchar(10),val int,memo varchar(20))
insert into tb values('a', 2, 'a2(a的第二个值)')
insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
insert into tb values('b', 1, 'b1--b的第一个值')
insert into tb values('b', 3, 'b3:b的第三个值')
insert into tb values('b', 2, 'b2b2b2b2')
insert into tb values('b', 4, 'b4b4')
insert into tb values('b', 5, 'b5b5b5b5b5')
go
select m.name,m.val,m.memo from
(
select * , px = row_number() over(order by name , val) from tb
) m where px = (select min(px) from
(
select * , px = row_number() over(order by name , val) from tb
) n where n.name = m.name)
drop table tb
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
b 1 b1--b的第一个值
(2 行受影响)
还有
数据如下:
name val memo
a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
a 3 a3:a的第三个值
b 1 b1--b的第一个值
b 3 b3:b的第三个值
b 2 b2b2b2b2
b 4 b4b4
b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
*/
--创建表并插入数据:
create table tb(name varchar(10),val int,memo varchar(20))
insert into tb values('a', 2, 'a2(a的第二个值)')
insert into tb values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值')
insert into tb values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值')
insert into tb values('b', 1, 'b1--b的第一个值')
insert into tb values('b', 3, 'b3:b的第三个值')
insert into tb values('b', 2, 'b2b2b2b2')
insert into tb values('b', 4, 'b4b4')
insert into tb values('b', 5, 'b5b5b5b5b5')
go
--五、按name分组取最小的两个(N个)val
select a.* from tb a where 2 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val ) order by a.name,a.val
select a.* from tb a where val in (select top 2 val from tb where name=a.name order by val) order by a.name,a.val
select a.* from tb a where exists (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val having Count(*) < 2) order by a.name
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 1 a1--a的第一个值
a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
b 1 b1--b的第一个值
b 2 b2b2b2b2
*/
--六、按name分组取最大的两个(N个)val
select a.* from tb a where 2 > (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val ) order by a.name,a.val
select a.* from tb a where val in (select top 2 val from tb where name=a.name order by val desc) order by a.name,a.val
select a.* from tb a where exists (select count(*) from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val having Count(*) < 2) order by a.name
/*
name val memo
---------- ----------- --------------------
a 2 a2(a的第二个值)
a 3 a3:a的第三个值
b 4 b4b4
b 5 b5b5b5b5b5
*/
-------------------------------------
SQL语句写法有4种。
1.SQL2005,情况下使用 行号 Row_Number()
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY ct ORDER BY name) AS rnk,*
FROM tb_name
) AS t
WHERE rnk<=3
讲解:用ROW_NUMBER() 以ct字段划分表数据,为每行数据添加行号。
然后从这个结果集里查询出行号小于等于3的记录,就是每类的前3条记录。
2.使用 CROSS APPLY
SELECT DISTINCT b.*
FROM tb_name AS a
CROSS APPLY
(
SELECT TOP 3 *
FROM tb_name
WHERE a.ct=ct
) AS b ORDER BY b.ct
讲解:主要利用CROSS APPLY,这类似join.
首先在子查询里查询出表里每类的前3条记录,然后利用CROSS APPLY 和 DISTINCT ,把查询里相同的记录过滤掉。
就是前3条记录了。
不过这样的效率很低,不推荐使用。
3. 利用子查询
SELECT *
FROM tb_name AS t
WHERE 3>(SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM tb_name
WHERE ct=t.ct
AND name>t.name);
讲解:关键是子查询,这里类似一个while循环,每条记录去匹配和它同类的下一条记录。
计算以它开始算起记录条数,意思就是他当前所在的行号,当行号小于3的时候,证明他下面有至多3条记录,则符合子查询条件,返回到结果集里。
这样就查询出了每类的前3条记录。
4.使用checksum函数(数据有重复时特别好用)
先是取每类的前3条记录,然后在结果集里用in最终取出结果。
select * from @t a
where checksum(*) in (select top 3 checksum(*) from @t b where a.ct=b.ct order by name desc)
示例:
if object_id('tempdb.dbo.#db')
drop table #tb
create table #tb(id int identity,name varchar(10),val int,memo varchar(20));
insert into #tb(name,val,memo) values('a', 1, 'a1--a的第一个值');
insert into #tb(name,val,memo) values('a', 2, 'a2(a的第二个值)');
insert into #tb(name,val,memo) values('a', 3, 'a3:a的第三个值');
insert into #tb(name,val,memo) values('b', 1, 'b1--b的第一个值');
insert into #tb(name,val,memo) values('b', 2, 'b2b2b2b2');
insert into #tb(name,val,memo) values('b', 3, 'b3:b的第三个值');
insert into #tb(name,val,memo) values('b', 4, 'b4b4');
insert into #tb(name,val,memo) values('b', 5, 'b5b5b5b5b5');
(1)一步到位
select * --into #tb1
from #tb a
where checksum(*) in (select top 5 checksum(*) from #tb b where a.name=b.name order by b.val desc,b.memo desc)
order by a.name,a.val desc
(2)创建临时表(大数据量使用)
(a)取出每个分类排名前N的记录
if object_id('tempdb.dbo.#db1')
drop table #tb1
select * --into #tb1
from #tb a
where (
select count(*) from #tb b where a.name=b.name and a.val<b.val and a.memo<b.memo)<5
order by a.name,a.val desc
(b)取出每个分类前N条记录
select * from #tb1 a where checksum(*) in (select top 5 checksum(*) from #tb1 b where a.name=b.name)