属性和反射

Metadata is information about the data that is information about the types ,code, assembly and so forth stored along with the program.Attributes are a mechanism for adding metadata,such as compiler instructions and other data about your data,methods and classes, to the program itself.

An attribute is an object that represents data you want to associate with an element in your program .The element to which you attach an attribute is referred as the target of the attribute.

 

1.属性目标

属性有作用对象的种类，这称为属性目标。在AttributeTargets中声明

2.使用属性

放在方括号里面，并紧贴作用的元素之前，作用于assembly的除外，要放在文件头部(using语句之后)。可以并列排放组合，也可以使用逗号分隔。

3.自定义属性--直接看代码

namespace ConsoleApplication5 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { MyMath myMath = new MyMath(); Console.WriteLine( myMath.DoFunc1(5) ); } } /* * 自定义属性派生于System.Attribute * 创建的时候指定AttributeUsage，第一个参数说明作用的target，第二个说明是否允许使用多于一个的BugFixAttribute属性 * 属性命名惯例是在名字后面跟上Attribute。使用的时候[BugFix]，编译器会先去找BugFix如果找不到去找BugFixAttribute * 属性接受两种类型的参数：Positional和Named。Positional parameters are passed in through the constructor and must be passed * in the order declared in the constructor.Named parameters are implemented as fields or as properties.It`s common to create * read-only properties for the positional parameters */ [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class,AllowMultiple=true)] public class BugFixAttribute : System.Attribute { private int _bugID; private string _date; private string _programmer; private string _comment; public BugFixAttribute(int bugId, string programmer, string date) { _bugID = bugId; _programmer = programmer; _date = date; } public int BugID { get { return _bugID; } } public string Data { get { return _date; } } public string Programmer { get { return _programmer; } } public string Comment { get { return _comment; } set { _comment = value; } } } [BugFix(121,"xuxu","11/05/28")] [BugFix(122,"bubu","11/05/29",Comment="Oh,wrong,fix a bug")] public class MyMath { public double DoFunc1(double param1) { return param1 + DoFunc2(param1); } public double DoFunc2(double param1) { return param1 / 3; } } }

4.反射

反射主要有4种用途-1.查看元数据  2.进行类型发现  3.对方法和properties的迟绑定  4.运行时创建新类型

4.1查看元数据

Type类是反射类的核心，provided to discover the attribute of a member and provide access to the metadata.Type encapsulate a representation of the type of an object.The Type class the primary way to access metadata.Type encapsulates information about the member of a class(eg. fields,methods,properties,events,etc).

class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Type type = typeof(MyMath); object[] attributes = type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(BugFixAttribute),false); foreach (var item in attributes) { BugFixAttribute attribute = (BugFixAttribute)item; Console.WriteLine( "BugId:" + attribute.BugID + " Programmmer:" + attribute.Programmer + " Date:" + attribute.Date + " Comment:"+attribute.Comment); } } } /* * 自定义属性派生于System.Attribute * 创建的时候指定AttributeUsage，第一个参数说明作用的target，第二个说明是否允许使用多于一个的BugFixAttribute属性 * 属性命名惯例是在名字后面跟上Attribute。使用的时候[BugFix]，编译器会先去找BugFix如果找不到去找 BugFixAttribute * 属性接受两种类型的参数：Positional和Named。Positional parameters are passed in through the constructor and must be passed * in the order declared in the constructor.Named parameters are implemented as fields or as properties.It`s common to create * read-only properties for the positional parameters */ [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class,AllowMultiple=true)] public class BugFixAttribute : System.Attribute { private int _bugID; private string _date; private string _programmer; private string _comment; public BugFixAttribute(int bugId, string programmer, string date) { _bugID = bugId; _programmer = programmer; _date = date; } public int BugID { get { return _bugID; } } public string Date { get { return _date; } } public string Programmer { get { return _programmer; } } public string Comment { get { return _comment; } set { _comment = value; } } } [BugFix(121,"xuxu","11/05/28")] [BugFix(122,"bubu","11/05/29",Comment="Oh,wrong,fix a bug")] public class MyMath { public double DoFunc1(double param1) { return param1 + DoFunc2(param1); } public double DoFunc2(double param1) { return param1 / 3; } }

4.2 类型发现

This allows you to examine the types in an assembly and interact with or instantiate those types. You can use reflection to explore and examine the contents of an assembly.You can find the types associated with a module;the methods,fields,properties,and events associated with a type,as well as the signatures of each of the type`s methods;the interfaces supported by the type;and the type`s base class.

class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Assembly assem = Assembly.Load("Mscorlib"); Type[] types = assem.GetTypes(); foreach (var item in types) Console.WriteLine("Type is {0}",item); Console.WriteLine("{0} types found",types.Length); } }

查看一个类型的所有成员

class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Type theType = Type.GetType("System.Reflection.Assembly"); Console.WriteLine(theType); MemberInfo[] infoArray = theType.GetMembers(); foreach (MemberInfo item in infoArray) { Console.WriteLine("{0} is a {1}",item,item.MemberType); } } }

仅查找方法

MemberInfo[] infoArray = theType.GetMethods();

指定查找

MemberInfo[] infoArray = theType.FindMembers(MemberTypes.Method,BindingFlags.Public|BindingFlags.Static,Type.FilterName,"Get*");

4.3 对方法和properties的迟绑定

allows the programmer to invoke properties and methods on objects dynamically instantiated,based on type discovery.This in also known as dynamic invocation.

可能需要使用Activator动态加载一个类的实例，如果对于一个静态的类则不需要。解释一下：

1.首先获得类型，

2.然后获得方法，传入函数原型

3.准备好方法的参数

4.调用，注意第一个参数，如果是静态类型，传入静态类型的type，否则要传入instance的名字。

class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Type theMathType = Type.GetType( "System.Math" ); Type[] paramTypes = new Type[1]; paramTypes[0] = Type.GetType( "System.Double" ); MethodInfo CosineInfo = theMathType.GetMethod("Cos", paramTypes); object[] parameters = new object[1]; parameters[0] = 45 * (Math.PI / 180); Console.WriteLine( CosineInfo.Invoke(theMathType,parameters) ); } }