开启你的第一行Spring Cloud代码

本篇威哥打算分享如何搭建Spring Cloud框架。

好了,跟随威哥一起开启你的第一行Spring Cloud代码吧。

1、首先打开你的IDEA。创建一个Maven项目:william-spring-project。

按照威哥下面截图来操作。

 

注意,上面Maven的配置请换成自己的Maven配置,下面是威哥的Maven配置。

OK,Maven项目搭建成功,如图:

2、创建服务注册中心

项目名称:register-server。威哥直接上图操作说明。

如果上面点击下一步没有反应,这个可以使用国内阿里代理来操作,国内代理地址:https://start.aliyun.com。

项目创建成功,这个之后需要来检查pom配置。pom.xml配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.william</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>register-server</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
                <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置application或者yml。这里威哥说明下,yml配置文件以树形结构组成,其优先级高于application,会在application之前先假装yml,如果同时存application和yml,那么application将会因为后加载而覆盖yml配置。下面威哥把2种配置都提供出来。

application.properties配置如下:

server.port=9010
eureka.instance.hostname=127.0.0.1

#禁止自己当做服务注册
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false

#屏蔽注册信息
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

application.yml配置如下:

server:
  port: 9010
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

 RegisterServerApplication启动项代码:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class RegisterServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RegisterServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

上面@EnableEurekaServer的意思是:申明此处为服务注册中心。

调试运行起来,之后在浏览器输入:http://localhost:9010/

出现上面效果图,证明Eureka注册中心发布成功。

3、创建服务生产者

项目名称:service-producer,创建步骤同时,只是勾选Eureka选项时区别下,如下:

检查pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.william</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>service-producer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置application.properties:

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:9010/eureka/
server.port=9011
spring.application.name=service-producer
test=Hellow,I am WeiGe,Welocme to Java World
server.tomcat.uri-encoding=utf-8
spring.http.encoding.charset=utf-8
spring.http.encoding.enabled=true
spring.http.encoding.force=true
spring.cloud.loadbalancer.ribbon.enabled=false

 启动项ServiceConsumerApplication:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@RestController
public class ServiceProducerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceProducerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

新建TestController:

package com.william.producer;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("service-producer-test")
public class TestController {

    @Value("${test}")
    String test;

    @Value("${spring.application.name}")
    String appionName;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    String port;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/mytest")
    public String mytest(@RequestParam String name) {
        return String.format("Hello %s,%s,该信息从服务:%s,端口:%s吐出。", name, test, appionName, port);
    }
}

ok,启动service-server和service-producer,可以看到生产者已经注册到了Eureka服务注册中心。

现在跟随威哥来测试一把服务是不是通的,打开浏览器或者postMan输入:

http://localhost:9011/service-producer-test/mytest?name=威哥

OK,上面测试证明服务OK。接下来威哥要新建Facade层,用来做Request和Response层使用,因为上面做的服务都是最简单的url传参,但是实际使用中我们都是使用json对象来传参的。

4、创建Facade项目:service-facade

具体步骤都可以同时,也可以创建j2ee的项目,都行,威哥是这样创建的:

注意:

之后新建request和response:

威哥贴一下pom.xml内容,可能有些同学需要,注意,需要安装下lombok插件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.william</groupId>
    <artifactId>facade</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>service-facade</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
            <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

 GetCustomerRequest代码:

package com.william.facade.request;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import lombok.Data;

import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;

@Data
@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
public class GetCustomerRequest {
    @NotNull(message = "pkid不能为空。")
    private Integer pkid;
}

 GetCustomerResponse代码:

package com.william.facade.reponse;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import lombok.Data;

@Data
@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY, getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
public class GetCustomerResponse {
    private Integer pkid;

    private String customerName;

    private String company;

    private String sex;
}

ok,facade项目完毕,后续威哥会使用到。

5、创建消费者:service-consumer

创建步骤通服务生产者

得到如下项目结构:

pom.xml如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.william</groupId>
    <artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>service-consumer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.properties配置如下:

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:9010/eureka/
server.port=9012
spring.application.name=service-consumer

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=utf-8
spring.http.encoding.charset=utf-8
spring.http.encoding.enabled=true
spring.http.encoding.force=true
spring.cloud.loadbalancer.ribbon.enabled=false

启动项ServiceConsumerApplication 内容:

package com.william.consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@RestController
public class ServiceConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

注意:上面重写了restTemplate,这个是为了演示基础的Ribbon消费RPC服务,但是威哥已经不使用它了,主要是为了完整的给同学们演示下。

调试起来service-consumer,再刷新下服务注册中心:会发现消费者也注入到了服务注册中心,这样是为了后面连接保持心跳,才能取到RPC调用所需的服务路由,Eureka是客户端负载均衡,会在消费者这一侧事先存储一份生产者的服务路由,这是需要保持心跳机制的,也是为后续威哥介绍Feign做的铺垫。

6、service-consumer开始消费服务

新建一个TestController:

package com.william.consumer;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("service-consumer")
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping("/sayHello")
    public String sayHello(@RequestParam String info){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(String.format("http://service-producer/service-producer-test/mytest?name=%s", info), String.class);
    }

}

运行起来,在浏览器输入:http://localhost:9012/service-consumer/sayHello?info=吴三桂

ok,到此我们已经使用Ribbon成功消费了服务。基本上同学们已经算是搭建成功了SpringCloud框架。如果不想继续跟着威哥深造,可以就此打住退出了,记得帮威哥点赞哈。

7、开启Feign的愉快模式

新建service-remote项目,同facade,步骤威哥就不再截图了,需要删除启动项和resources资源包(用不上)。

此时威哥就用上了service-facade。

但是除了删除启动类,还需要额外加入web引用,可以在pom中灌进去,也可以按照威哥下面操作把web项添加进去:

最终得到的项目结构:

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.william</groupId>
    <artifactId>remote</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>service-remote</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-function-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.william</groupId>
            <artifactId>facade</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.william</groupId>
            <artifactId>facade</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

新建CustomerRemote接口:

package com.william.remote;

import com.william.facade.reponse.GetCustomerResponse;
import com.william.facade.request.GetCustomerRequest;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;

import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.List;

@FeignClient(name = "service-producer")
public interface CustomerRemote {

    @PostMapping(value = "/service-producer/getCustomer")
    List<GetCustomerResponse> getCustomer(@RequestBody(required = true) @Valid GetCustomerRequest request);
}

8、消费者通过Feign以RPC形式调用生产者的服务

现在再回头到消费者service-consumer,其启动项需求添加注解:@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = { "com.william.remote" })

新建CustomerController:

package com.william.consumer;

import com.william.facade.reponse.GetCustomerResponse;
import com.william.facade.request.GetCustomerRequest;
import com.william.remote.CustomerRemote;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("service-consumer")
public class CustomerController {

    @Autowired
    private CustomerRemote customerRemote;

    /**
     * 获取客户信息
     * @param request
     * @return
     * @author xuwei
     * @since 2020-04-11
     */
    @PostMapping(value = "/getCustomer")
    public List<GetCustomerResponse> getCustomer(@RequestBody(required = true) @Valid GetCustomerRequest request) {
        List<GetCustomerResponse> response = customerRemote.getCustomer(request);
        return response;
    }
}

ok,现在重新启动service-consumer,打开postman,本篇篇幅太长了,威哥就不介绍怎么引入swagger了。

到此本篇威哥分享完毕。大家记得帮威哥点赞啊。希望能够真正开启你的第一行Spring Cloud代码。

如果需要源码,请下载威哥上传的源码:https://download.csdn.net/download/xuwei_net/12324163。Maven依赖威哥没有上传哈,请自行更新依赖。

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