如何在 Visual C# .NET 中执行基本的文件 I/O

如何在 Visual C# .NET 中执行基本的文件 I/O

发布日期：2005-11-1 更新日期：2005-11-27

Microsoft

概要 本分步指南介绍如何在 Visual C# .NET 中执行六个基本的文件输入/输出 (I/O) 操作。如果您是第一次接触 .NET，会发现 .NET 中的文件操作对象模型与许多 Visual Studio 6.0 开发人员都很熟悉的 FileSystemObject (FSO) 非常相似。为了让您更容易过渡，本文演示的功能基于下面的 Microsoft 知识库文章： 186118 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/186118/) 如何通过 Visual Basic 使用 FileSystemObject 在 .NET 中仍可使用 FileSystemObject。因为 FileSystemObject 是一个组件对象模型 (COM) 组件，所以 .NET 要求对该对象的访问必须通过 Interop 层。如果您要使用该组件，.NET 可为您生成该组件的包装。但是，如果不通过 Interop 层，FSO 将不具备 .NET 框架中的 File、 FileInfo、 Directory、 DirectoryInfo 类及其他相关类所提供的功能。 要求 下面列出了推荐使用的硬件、软件、网络基础结构以及所需的 Service Pack： Visual c# .NET 文件 I/O 操作示例 本文中的示例讲述基本的文件 I/O 操作。“分步示例”一节说明如何创建一个演示下列六种文件 I/O 操作的示例程序： 1 读取文本文件 2 写入文本文件 3 查看文件信息 4 列出磁盘驱动器 5 列出文件夹 6 列出文件 注意：如果要直接使用下列示例代码，要注意下列事项： 必须包括 System.IO 命名空间，如下所示： using System.IO; 按如下方式声明 winDir 变量： string winDir=System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir"); 按如下方式声明 addListItem 函数： private void addListItem(string value) { this.listbox1.Items.Add(value); } 注意：可以直接使用下列语句，而不用声明和使用 addListItem 函数： this.listbox1.Items.Add(value);" 读取文本文件 下面的示例代码使用 StreamReader 类读取 System.ini 文件。该文件的内容被添加到一个 ListBox 控件中。其中的 try...catch 块用于在文件为空时向程序发出警报。有多种方法可确定是否到达文件结尾；本示例使用 Peek 方法在读取下一行之前先检验该行。 StreamReader reader=new StreamReader(winDir + "//system.ini"); try { do { addListItem(reader.ReadLine()); } while(reader.Peek() != -1); } catch { addListItem("File is empty");} finally { reader.Close(); } 写入文本文件 此示例代码使用一个 StreamWriter 类来创建一个文件并写入信息。如果已有一个现有文件，则可以用同样的方式打开它。 StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("c://KBTest.txt"); writer.WriteLine("File created using StreamWriter class."); writer.Close(); this.listbox1.Items.Clear(); addListItem("File Written to C://KBTest.txt"); 查看文件信息 此示例代码使用一个 FileInfo 对象来访问一个文件的属性。此示例中使用了 Notepad.exe。属性在 ListBox 控件中显示。 FileInfo FileProps =new FileInfo(winDir + "//notepad.exe"); addListItem("File Name = " + FileProps.FullName); addListItem("Creation Time = " + FileProps.CreationTime); addListItem("Last Access Time = " + FileProps.LastAccessTime); addListItem("Last Write TIme = " + FileProps.LastWriteTime); addListItem("Size = " + FileProps.Length); FileProps = null; 列出磁盘驱动器 此示例代码使用 Directory 和 Drive 类列出系统上的逻辑驱动器。本示例的结果显示在 ListBox 控件中。 string[] drives = Directory.GetLogicalDrives(); foreach(string drive in drives) { addListItem(drive); } 列出子文件夹 此示例代码使用 Directory 类的 GetDirectories 方法获取文件夹列表。 string[] dirs = Directory.GetDirectories(winDir); foreach(string dir in dirs) { addListItem(dir); } 列出文件 此示例使用 Directory 类的 GetFiles 方法获取文件夹列表。 string[] files= Directory.GetFiles(winDir); foreach (string i in files) { addListItem(i); } 用户访问文件时可能会出现多种错误。文件可能不存在、可能在使用中，或者用户对试图访问的文件夹中的文件无访问权限。在编写代码和处理可能产生的异常时，将这些可能性考虑在内是很重要的。 分步示例 1. 在 Visual C# .NET 中，创建一个新的 Windows 应用程序。默认情况下会创建 Form1。 2. 打开 Form1 的代码窗口。 3. 删除“代码隐藏编辑器”中的所有代码。 将下面的代码粘贴到“代码隐藏编辑器”窗口中： using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Data; using System.IO; namespace fso_cs { /// <summary> /// Summary description for Form1. /// </summary> public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form { private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button4; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button5; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button6; string winDir=System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir"); private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox listbox1; /// <summary> /// Required designer variable. /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null; public Form1() { // // Required for Windows Form Designer support. // InitializeComponent(); // // TO DO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call. // } /// <summary> /// Clean up any resources being used. /// </summary> protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) { if( disposing ) { if (components != null) { components.Dispose(); } } base.Dispose( disposing ); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.listbox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox(); this.button4 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.button5 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.button6 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // button1 // this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 32); this.button1.Name = "button1"; this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23); this.button1.TabIndex = 1; this.button1.Text = "button1"; this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click); // // button2 // this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 64); this.button2.Name = "button2"; this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23); this.button2.TabIndex = 2; this.button2.Text = "button2"; this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click); // // button3 // this.button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 96); this.button3.Name = "button3"; this.button3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23); this.button3.TabIndex = 3; this.button3.Text = "button3"; this.button3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button3_Click); // // listbox1 // this.listbox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 24); this.listbox1.Name = "listbox1"; this.listbox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(176, 199); this.listbox1.TabIndex = 0; // // button4 // this.button4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 128); this.button4.Name = "button4"; this.button4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23); this.button4.TabIndex = 4; this.button4.Text = "button4"; this.button4.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button4_Click); // // button5 // this.button5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 160); this.button5.Name = "button5"; this.button5.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23); this.button5.TabIndex = 5; this.button5.Text = "button5"; this.button5.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button5_Click); // // button6 // this.button6.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(216, 192); this.button6.Name = "button6"; this.button6.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23); this.button6.TabIndex = 6; this.button6.Text = "button6"; this.button6.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button6_Click); // // Form1 // this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13); this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(360, 273); this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] { this.button6, this.button5, this.button4, this.button3, this.button2, this.button1, this.listbox1}); this.Name = "Form1"; this.Text = "Form1"; this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load); this.ResumeLayout(false); } #endregion /// <summary> /// The main entry point for the application. /// </summary> [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.Run(new Form1()); } private void button6_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //How to obtain list of files (example uses Windows folder). this.listbox1.Items.Clear(); string[] files= Directory.GetFiles(winDir); foreach (string i in files) { addListItem(i); } } private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //How to read a text file. //try...catch is to deal with a 0 byte file. this.listbox1.Items.Clear(); StreamReader reader=new StreamReader(winDir + "//system.ini"); try { do { addListItem(reader.ReadLine()); } while(reader.Peek() != -1); } catch { addListItem("File is empty");} finally { reader.Close();} } private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { this.button1.Text = "Read Text File"; this.button2.Text = "Write Text File"; this.button3.Text = "View File Information"; this.button4.Text = "List Drives"; this.button5.Text = "List Subfolders"; this.button6.Text = "List Files"; } private void button5_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //How to get a list of folders (example uses Windows folder). this.listbox1.Items.Clear(); string[] dirs = Directory.GetDirectories(winDir); foreach(string dir in dirs) { addListItem(dir); } } private void button4_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //Demonstrates how to obtain a list of disk drives. this.listbox1.Items.Clear(); string[] drives = Directory.GetLogicalDrives(); foreach(string drive in drives) { addListItem(drive); } } private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //How to retrieve file properties (example uses Notepad.exe). this.listbox1.Items.Clear(); FileInfo FileProps =new FileInfo(winDir + "//notepad.exe"); addListItem("File Name = " + FileProps.FullName); addListItem("Creation Time = " + FileProps.CreationTime); addListItem("Last Access Time = " + FileProps.LastAccessTime); addListItem("Last Write TIme = " + FileProps.LastWriteTime); addListItem("Size = " + FileProps.Length); FileProps = null; } private void addListItem(string value) { this.listbox1.Items.Add(value); } private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //Demonstrates how to create and write to a text file. StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("c://KBTest.txt"); writer.WriteLine("File created using StreamWriter class."); writer.Close(); this.listbox1.Items.Clear(); addListItem("File Written to C://KBTest.txt"); } } } 按 F5 键生成并运行该程序。单击各按钮可观察不同的操作。查看示例代码时，您可能希望将命名为“Windows Form Designer Generated Code”的区域“折叠”起来以隐藏此代码。