上一次留给大家去做的实践，不知道大家执行的怎么样了呢。
我们通过一个简单的练习，完成了一个控制开关。那现在，我们打算将遥控器的每个插槽，对应到一个命令这样就要遥控器变成“调用者”。当按下按钮，相应命令对象的execute()方法就会被调用，其结果就是，接收者（例如电灯、风扇、音响）的动作被调用。
实现遥控器
public class RemoteControl { Command[] onCommands; Command[] offCommands; public RemoteControl() { onCommands = new Command[7]; offCommands = new Command[7];// 在构造器中，只需实例化并初始化这两个开与关的数组 Command noCommand = new NoCommand(); for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { onCommands[i] = noCommand; offCommands[i] = noCommand; } }// 这个方法有三个参数，分别是插槽的位置、开的命令、关的命令。这些命令将记录开关数组中对应的插槽位置，以供稍后使用 public void setCommand(int slot, Command onCommand, Command offCommand) { onCommands[slot] = onCommand; offCommands[slot] = offCommand; }// 当按下开或关的按钮，硬件就会负责调用对应的方法，也就是onButtonWasPushed或offButtonWasPushed public void onButtonWasPushed(int slot) { onCommands[slot].execute(); } public void offButtonWasPushed(int slot) { offCommands[slot].execute(); } public String toString() { StringBuffer stringBuff = new StringBuffer(); stringBuff.append("\n------ Remote Control -------\n"); for (int i = 0; i < onCommands.length; i++) { stringBuff.append("[slot " + i + "] " + onCommands[i].getClass().getName() + " " + offCommands[i].getClass().getName() + "\n"); } return stringBuff.toString(); }}class RemoteControl {
Command[] onCommands;
Command[] offCommands;
public RemoteControl() {
onCommands = new Command[7];
offCommands = new Command[7];
// 在构造器中，只需实例化并初始化这两个开与关的数组
Command noCommand = new NoCommand();
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
onCommands[i] = noCommand;
offCommands[i] = noCommand;
}
}
// 这个方法有三个参数，分别是插槽的位置、开的命令、关的命令。这些命令将记录开关数组中对应的插槽位置，以供稍后使用
public void setCommand(int slot, Command onCommand, Command offCommand) {
onCommands[slot] = onCommand;
offCommands[slot] = offCommand;
}
// 当按下开或关的按钮，硬件就会负责调用对应的方法，也就是onButtonWasPushed或offButtonWasPushed
public void onButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
onCommands[slot].execute();
}
public void offButtonWasPushed(int slot) {
offCommands[slot].execute();
}
public String toString() {
StringBuffer stringBuff = new StringBuffer();
stringBuff.append("\n------ Remote Control -------\n");
for (int i = 0; i < onCommands.length; i++) {
stringBuff.append("[slot " + i + "] " + onCommands[i].getClass().getName()
+ " " + offCommands[i].getClass().getName() + "\n");
}
return stringBuff.toString();
}
}
实现命令
此前我们已经动手实现过LightOnCommand，纯粹就是简单的开和关命令。那现在，我们来为音响编写开与关的命令。
音响的关闭是毫无难度，就是开启的时候有点复杂，你知道为什么吗？难道音响开了就好了？是否还需要后续其他的动作才能让音响响起来了？哎呀，小编多嘴了好像。
public class StereoOnWithCDCommand implements Command { Stereo stereo; public StereoOnWithCDCommand(Stereo stereo) { this.stereo = stereo; }// 打开音响，需要三个步骤，开启音响，设置CD播放，设置音量，不然就成哑巴了 public void execute() { stereo.on(); stereo.setCD(); stereo.setVolume(11); }}class StereoOnWithCDCommand implements Command {
Stereo stereo;
public StereoOnWithCDCommand(Stereo stereo) {
this.stereo = stereo;
}
// 打开音响，需要三个步骤，开启音响，设置CD播放，设置音量，不然就成哑巴了
public void execute() {
stereo.on();
stereo.setCD();
stereo.setVolume(11);
}
}
这里列举了一个电灯，一个音响，差不多就把其他类似的都已经搞定了，比如电扇、门，对吧。所以，赶紧看看你之前动手的操作，是不是和小编的差不多。
让我们继续看下，多个的是怎么实现的呢。
public class RemoteLoader { public static void main(String[] args) { RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl();// 将所有的装置创建在合适的位置 Light livingRoomLight = new Light("Living Room"); Light kitchenLight = new Light("Kitchen"); CeilingFan ceilingFan= new CeilingFan("Living Room"); GarageDoor garageDoor = new GarageDoor(""); Stereo stereo = new Stereo("Living Room");// 创建所有的电灯命令对象 LightOnCommand livingRoomLightOn = new LightOnCommand(livingRoomLight); LightOffCommand livingRoomLightOff = new LightOffCommand(livingRoomLight); LightOnCommand kitchenLightOn = new LightOnCommand(kitchenLight); LightOffCommand kitchenLightOff = new LightOffCommand(kitchenLight);// 创建吊扇的开与关命令 CeilingFanOnCommand ceilingFanOn = new CeilingFanOnCommand(ceilingFan); CeilingFanOffCommand ceilingFanOff = new CeilingFanOffCommand(ceilingFan);// 创建车库门的上与下命令 GarageDoorUpCommand garageDoorUp = new GarageDoorUpCommand(garageDoor); GarageDoorDownCommand garageDoorDown = new GarageDoorDownCommand(garageDoor);// 创建音响的开与关命令 StereoOnWithCDCommand stereoOnWithCD = new StereoOnWithCDCommand(stereo); StereoOffCommand stereoOff = new StereoOffCommand(stereo);// 现在已经有了全部的命令，我们将它们加载到遥控器插槽中 remoteControl.setCommand(0, livingRoomLightOn, livingRoomLightOff); remoteControl.setCommand(1, kitchenLightOn, kitchenLightOff); remoteControl.setCommand(2, ceilingFanOn, ceilingFanOff); remoteControl.setCommand(3, stereoOnWithCD, stereoOff); System.out.println(remoteControl);// 在这里逐步按下每个插槽的开与关按钮 remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0); remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0); remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1); remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(1); remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(2); remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(2); remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(3); remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(3); }}class RemoteLoader {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl();
// 将所有的装置创建在合适的位置
Light livingRoomLight = new Light("Living Room");
Light kitchenLight = new Light("Kitchen");
CeilingFan ceilingFan= new CeilingFan("Living Room");
GarageDoor garageDoor = new GarageDoor("");
Stereo stereo = new Stereo("Living Room");
// 创建所有的电灯命令对象
LightOnCommand livingRoomLightOn =
new LightOnCommand(livingRoomLight);
LightOffCommand livingRoomLightOff =
new LightOffCommand(livingRoomLight);
LightOnCommand kitchenLightOn =
new LightOnCommand(kitchenLight);
LightOffCommand kitchenLightOff =
new LightOffCommand(kitchenLight);
// 创建吊扇的开与关命令
CeilingFanOnCommand ceilingFanOn =
new CeilingFanOnCommand(ceilingFan);
CeilingFanOffCommand ceilingFanOff =
new CeilingFanOffCommand(ceilingFan);
// 创建车库门的上与下命令
GarageDoorUpCommand garageDoorUp =
new GarageDoorUpCommand(garageDoor);
GarageDoorDownCommand garageDoorDown =
new GarageDoorDownCommand(garageDoor);
// 创建音响的开与关命令
StereoOnWithCDCommand stereoOnWithCD =
new StereoOnWithCDCommand(stereo);
StereoOffCommand stereoOff =
new StereoOffCommand(stereo);
// 现在已经有了全部的命令，我们将它们加载到遥控器插槽中
remoteControl.setCommand(0, livingRoomLightOn, livingRoomLightOff);
remoteControl.setCommand(1, kitchenLightOn, kitchenLightOff);
remoteControl.setCommand(2, ceilingFanOn, ceilingFanOff);
remoteControl.setCommand(3, stereoOnWithCD, stereoOff);
System.out.println(remoteControl);
// 在这里逐步按下每个插槽的开与关按钮
remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0);
remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);
remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1);
remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(1);
remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(2);
remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(2);
remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(3);
remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(3);
}
}
写文档的时候到了
我们这个主要的设计目标就是让遥控器代码尽可能地简单，这样一来，新的厂商类一旦出现，遥控器并不需要随之修改。因为，我们才用了命令模式，从逻辑上将遥控器的类和厂商的类解耦。我们相信这将降低遥控器的生产成本，并大大地减少维护时所需的费用。
下面的类图提供了设计的全貌：
撤销哪去了？
别急别急，小编说的功能都会有的。撤销功能使用起来就是这样的：比如说客厅的电灯是关闭的，然后你按下遥控器上的开启按钮，自然电灯就被打开了。现在如果按下撤销按钮，那么上一个动作将被倒转，在这个例子里，电灯将被关闭。
同样，我们先来一个简单的撤销示例。之前我们用的是execute()方法实现开启或者关闭的调用，那么我们用undo()方法来执行撤销操作。即在Command接口里实现一个同execute()相反的方法undo(),然后在实现类里将undo()的动作做成和execute()相反的操作即可。
讲的有点笼统？在这里小编就不提供具体的代码了，详细的请看GitHub我的分享吧。
使用状态实现撤销
因为电灯这个开关已经撤销，是很简单的入门，小编没有提供源码在文中，但是因为还有电风扇这个存在，小编还不得不继续搞一个高大上的方式。电扇不仅仅是开关，还有档位的存在，对吧，是不是瞬间有思路了呢？
public class CeilingFan { public static final int HIGH = 3; public static final int MEDIUM = 2; public static final int LOW = 1; public static final int OFF = 0; String location; int speed; public CeilingFan(String location) { this.location = location; speed = OFF; } public void high() { speed = HIGH; System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on high"); } public void medium() { speed = MEDIUM; System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on medium"); } public void low() { speed = LOW; System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on low"); } public void off() { speed = OFF; System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is off"); } public int getSpeed() { return speed; }}class CeilingFan {
public static final int HIGH = 3;
public static final int MEDIUM = 2;
public static final int LOW = 1;
public static final int OFF = 0;
String location;
int speed;
public CeilingFan(String location) {
this.location = location;
speed = OFF;
}
public void high() {
speed = HIGH;
System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on high");
}
public void medium() {
speed = MEDIUM;
System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on medium");
}
public void low() {
speed = LOW;
System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is on low");
}
public void off() {
speed = OFF;
System.out.println(location + " ceiling fan is off");
}
public int getSpeed() {
return speed;
}
}
现在我们就来实现风扇的撤销。这么做，需要追踪吊扇的最后设置速度，如果undo方法被调用了，就要恢复成之前吊扇速度的设置值。就如下面这样：
public class CeilingFanHighCommand implements Command { CeilingFan ceilingFan;// 增加局部状态以便追踪吊扇之前的速度 int prevSpeed; public CeilingFanHighCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) { this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan; } public void execute() {// 我们改变吊扇的速度之前，需要先将它之前的状态记录起来，以便需要撤销时使用 prevSpeed = ceilingFan.getSpeed(); ceilingFan.high(); }// 将吊扇的速度设置会之前的值，达到撤销的目的 public void undo() { if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.HIGH) { ceilingFan.high(); } else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.MEDIUM) { ceilingFan.medium(); } else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.LOW) { ceilingFan.low(); } else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.OFF) { ceilingFan.off(); } }}class CeilingFanHighCommand implements Command {
CeilingFan ceilingFan;
// 增加局部状态以便追踪吊扇之前的速度
int prevSpeed;
public CeilingFanHighCommand(CeilingFan ceilingFan) {
this.ceilingFan = ceilingFan;
}
public void execute() {
// 我们改变吊扇的速度之前，需要先将它之前的状态记录起来，以便需要撤销时使用
prevSpeed = ceilingFan.getSpeed();
ceilingFan.high();
}
// 将吊扇的速度设置会之前的值，达到撤销的目的
public void undo() {
if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.HIGH) {
ceilingFan.high();
} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.MEDIUM) {
ceilingFan.medium();
} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.LOW) {
ceilingFan.low();
} else if (prevSpeed == CeilingFan.OFF) {
ceilingFan.off();
}
}
}
让我们来测试下风扇吧
条件都具备了，那我们来测试下吧。我们打算把0号插槽的开启按钮设置为中速，把第1号插槽的开启按钮设置成高速，代码如下：
public class RemoteLoader { public static void main(String[] args) { RemoteControlWithUndo remoteControl = new RemoteControlWithUndo(); CeilingFan ceilingFan = new CeilingFan("Living Room"); CeilingFanMediumCommand ceilingFanMedium = new CeilingFanMediumCommand(ceilingFan); CeilingFanHighCommand ceilingFanHigh = new CeilingFanHighCommand(ceilingFan); CeilingFanOffCommand ceilingFanOff = new CeilingFanOffCommand(ceilingFan); remoteControl.setCommand(0, ceilingFanMedium, ceilingFanOff); remoteControl.setCommand(1, ceilingFanHigh, ceilingFanOff); // 首先，我们以中速开启吊扇 remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0); // 然后关闭 remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0); System.out.println(remoteControl); // 撤销，应该会回到中速 remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed(); // 这个时候开启高速 remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1); System.out.println(remoteControl); // 再进行一次撤销，应该会回到中速 remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed(); }}class RemoteLoader {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RemoteControlWithUndo remoteControl = new RemoteControlWithUndo();
CeilingFan ceilingFan = new CeilingFan("Living Room");
CeilingFanMediumCommand ceilingFanMedium =
new CeilingFanMediumCommand(ceilingFan);
CeilingFanHighCommand ceilingFanHigh =
new CeilingFanHighCommand(ceilingFan);
CeilingFanOffCommand ceilingFanOff =
new CeilingFanOffCommand(ceilingFan);
remoteControl.setCommand(0, ceilingFanMedium, ceilingFanOff);
remoteControl.setCommand(1, ceilingFanHigh, ceilingFanOff);
// 首先，我们以中速开启吊扇
remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(0);
// 然后关闭
remoteControl.offButtonWasPushed(0);
System.out.println(remoteControl);
// 撤销，应该会回到中速
remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed();
// 这个时候开启高速
remoteControl.onButtonWasPushed(1);
System.out.println(remoteControl);
// 再进行一次撤销，应该会回到中速
remoteControl.undoButtonWasPushed();
}
}
好了，至此我们不仅仅实现了单个的开与关，还实现了一整个遥控器所有控件的开与关，甚至是复杂的家电的开与关（音响、电扇的开启略复杂），而且均实现了撤销。作为程序员的你是不是经常使用撤销功能呢，反正我是经常使用的噢。
但是，这还不是终极状态。我们在这里只能实现一个家电的开与关，如果光凭按下一个按钮，不能实现灯光、电视、音响的同步使用，那这个遥控器对我们来说是不是还是有点low呢？是吧，确实有点low，如何破解，敬请期待我们的下一篇。
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