apr内存池简单应用

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前言

apr大部分接口函数内部申请内存和释放内存，都会用到内存池。

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一、内存池接口简介

1、初始化

/**
 * Setup all of the internal structures required to use pools
 * @remark Programs do NOT need to call this directly.  APR will call this
 *      automatically from apr_initialize.
 * @internal
 */
APR_DECLARE(apr_status_t) apr_pool_initialize(void);

apr_pool_initialize是内存池总的初始化接口，但在apr_initialize中会调用apr_pool_initialize，所以无需显示的再调用。

2、创建内存池

/**
 * Create a new pool.
 * @param newpool The pool we have just created.
 * @param parent The parent pool.  If this is NULL, the new pool is a root
 *        pool.  If it is non-NULL, the new pool will inherit all
 *        of its parent pool's attributes, except the apr_pool_t will
 *        be a sub-pool.
 * @remark This function is thread-safe, in the sense that multiple threads
 *         can safely create subpools of the same parent pool concurrently.
 *         Similarly, a subpool can be created by one thread at the same
 *         time that another thread accesses the parent pool.
 */
APR_DECLARE(apr_status_t) apr_pool_create(apr_pool_t **newpool,
                                          apr_pool_t *parent);

创建内存池可以指定父内存池。

3、使用内存池分配内存

/**
 * Allocate a block of memory from a pool and set all of the memory to 0
 * @param p The pool to allocate from
 * @param size The amount of memory to allocate
 * @return The allocated memory
 */
#if defined(DOXYGEN)
APR_DECLARE(void *) apr_pcalloc(apr_pool_t *p, apr_size_t size);
#elif !APR_POOL_DEBUG
#define apr_pcalloc(p, size) memset(apr_palloc(p, size), 0, size)
#endif

apr_pcalloc和c标准库的calloc类似，它内部分自动给分配的内存块赋值为0。

4、释放内存和销毁内存池

从内存池分配的内存不需要释放，在释放内存池的时候会自动释放。

/**
 * Destroy the pool. This takes similar action as apr_pool_clear() and then
 * frees all the memory.
 * @param p The pool to destroy
 * @remark This will actually free the memory
 */
APR_DECLARE(void) apr_pool_destroy(apr_pool_t *p) __attribute__((nonnull(1)));

二、调用示例

#include "apr_pools.h"

void pool_alloc_test()
{
	apr_pool_t* pool = NULL;
	apr_pool_create(&pool, NULL);

	char* p = (char*)apr_palloc(pool, 20);
	strcpy(p, "hello apr");

	printf("%s\n", p);

	apr_pool_destroy(pool);
}

int main()
{
	apr_status_t rv = apr_initialize();
	if (rv != APR_SUCCESS) {
		aprerr("apr_initialize()", rv);
	}
	atexit(apr_terminate);
	
	pool_alloc_test();
	
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

输出：
hello apr

三、注意

1. apr pool分配有会话的概念，在一个会话内创建内存池，并申请内存，会话结束释放内存；
2. apr_pool_destroy并不会真的释放内存(通常说的释放内存应该是把内存归还给操作系统)，而是将内存归还给apr pool的内存分配单元，因此调用apr_pool_destroy后程序的内存并没有减少；当调用apr_pool_destroy之后，再次用apr_palloc分配内存是从之前释放的内存中申请，此时内存大小也不会重新增加。

	apr_pool_initialize();
	apr_pool_t* pool = NULL, *child = NULL;
	apr_pool_create(&pool, NULL);
	{
		//apr pool分配有会话的概念，在一个会话内创建内存池，并申请内存，会话结束释放内存
		apr_pool_create(&child, pool);
		apr_palloc(child, 1024 * 1024 * 100); //申请内存100MB
		apr_pool_destroy(child); //将child内存池释放归还给分配单元 (内存并未归还给系统，程序占用还是100MB)
	}
	apr_palloc(pool, 1024 * 1024 * 100);  //申请内存100MB (总内存还是100MB)
	apr_palloc(pool, 1024 * 1024 * 100);  //申请内存100MB (总内存200MB)
	apr_pool_destroy(pool); //释放内存，归还给分配单元
	apr_pool_terminate();  //释放内存，归还内存给系统

总结

以上就是对libapr的内存池的简单介绍，主要包括内存池的初始化、创建、分配内存和销毁，主要是捡主要的介绍了一些，对其他用法，如apr_pool_core_create、apr_pool_clear等没作细致研究。