前言
在分布式系统中,分布式事务是一个必须要解决的问题,目前使用较多的是最终一致性方案。自年初阿里开源了Fescar(四月初更名为Seata)后,该项目受到了极大的关注,目前已接近 8000 Star。Seata 以高性能和零侵入的特性为目标解决微服务领域的分布式事务难题,目前正处于快速迭代中,近期小目标是生产可用的 Mysql 版本。
本文主要基于 spring cloud + spring jpa + spring cloud alibaba fescar + mysql + seata 的结构,搭建一个分布式系统的 demo,通过 seata 的 debug 日志和源代码,从 client 端(RM、TM)的角度分析其工作流程及原理。
为了更好地理解全文,我们来熟悉一下相关概念:
- XID:全局事务的唯一标识,由 ip:port:sequence 组成;
- Transaction Coordinator (TC):事务协调器,维护全局事务的运行状态,负责协调并驱动全局事务的提交或回滚;
- Transaction Manager (TM ):控制全局事务的边界,负责开启一个全局事务,并最终发起全局提交或全局回滚的决议;
- Resource Manager (RM):控制分支事务,负责分支注册、状态汇报,并接收事务协调器的指令,驱动分支(本地)事务的提交和回滚;
提示:文中代码是基于 fescar-0.4.1 版本,由于项目刚更名为 seata 不久,其中一些包名、类名、jar包等名称还没统一更换过来,故下文中仍使用 fescar 进行表述。
分布式框架支持
Fescar 使用 XID 表示一个分布式事务,XID 需要在一次分布式事务请求所涉的系统中进行传递,从而向 feacar-server 发送分支事务的处理情况,以及接收 feacar-server 的 commit、rollback 指令。 Fescar 官方已支持全版本的 dubbo 协议,而对于 spring cloud(spring-boot)的分布式项目社区也提供了相应的实现
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-fescar</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
该组件实现了基于 RestTemplate、Feign 通信时的 XID 传递功能。
业务逻辑
业务逻辑是经典的下订单、扣余额、减库存流程。 根据模块划分为三个独立的服务,且分别连接对应的数据库:
- 订单:order-server
- 账户:account-server
- 库存:storage-server
另外还有发起分布式事务的业务系统:
- 业务:business-server
正常业务:
- business发起购买请求
- storage扣减库存
- order创建订单
- account扣减余额
异常业务:
- business发起购买请求
- storage扣减库存
- order创建订单
- account
扣减余额异常
正常流程下 2、3、4 步的数据正常更新全局 commit,异常流程下的数据则由于第 4 步的异常报错全局回滚。
配置文件
fescar 的配置入口文件是 registry.conf, 查看代码 ConfigurationFactory 得知目前还不能指定该配置文件,所以配置文件名称只能为 registry.conf。
private static final String REGISTRY_CONF = "registry.conf";
public static final Configuration FILE_INSTANCE = new FileConfiguration(REGISTRY_CONF);
在 registry
中可以指定具体配置的形式,默认使用 file 类型,在 file.conf 中有 3 部分配置内容:
- transport transport 部分的配置对应 NettyServerConfig 类,用于定义 Netty 相关的参数,TM、RM 与 fescar-server 之间使用 Netty 进行通信。
-
service
service { #vgroup->rgroup vgroup_mapping.my_test_tx_group = "default" #配置Client连接TC的地址 default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091" #degrade current not support enableDegrade = false #disable 是否启用seata的分布式事务 disableGlobalTransaction = false }
-
client
client { #RM接收TC的commit通知后缓冲上限 async.commit.buffer.limit = 10000 lock { retry.internal = 10 retry.times = 30 } }
数据源 Proxy
除了前面的配置文件,fescar 在 AT 模式下稍微有点代码量的地方就是对数据源的代理指定,且目前只能基于DruidDataSource
的代理。 (注:在最新发布的 0.4.2 版本中已支持任意数据源类型)
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DruidDataSource druidDataSource() {
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
return druidDataSource;
}
@Primary
@Bean("dataSource")
public DataSourceProxy dataSource(DruidDataSource druidDataSource) {
return new DataSourceProxy(druidDataSource);
}
使用 DataSourceProxy
的目的是为了引入 ConnectionProxy
,fescar 无侵入的一方面就体现在 ConnectionProxy
的实现上,即分支事务加入全局事务的切入点是在本地事务的 commit
阶段,这样设计可以保证业务数据与 undo_log
是在一个本地事务中。
undo_log
是需要在业务库上创建的一个表,fescar 依赖该表记录每笔分支事务的状态及二阶段 rollback
的回放数据。不用担心该表的数据量过大形成单点问题,在全局事务 commit
的场景下事务对应的 undo_log
会异步删除。
CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
`log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
`log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
`log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
`ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
启动 Server
前往https://github.com/seata/seata/releases 下载与 Client 版本对应的 fescar-server,避免由于版本的不同导致的协议不一致问题 进入解压之后的 bin 目录,执行:
./fescar-server.sh 8091 ../data
启动成功输出:
2019-04-09 20:27:24.637 INFO [main]c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemotingServer.start:152 -Server started ...
启动 Client
fescar 的加载入口类位于 GlobalTransactionAutoConfiguration,对基于 spring boot 的项目能够自动加载,当然也可以通过其他方式示例化 GlobalTransactionScanner
。
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({FescarProperties.class})
public class GlobalTransactionAutoConfiguration {
private final ApplicationContext applicationContext;
private final FescarProperties fescarProperties;
public GlobalTransactionAutoConfiguration(ApplicationContext applicationContext, FescarProperties fescarProperties) {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
this.fescarProperties = fescarProperties;
}
/**
* 示例化GlobalTransactionScanner
* scanner为client初始化的发起类
*/
@Bean
public GlobalTransactionScanner globalTransactionScanner() {
String applicationName = this.applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("spring.application.name");
String txServiceGroup = this.fescarProperties.getTxServiceGroup();
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(txServiceGroup)) {
txServiceGroup = applicationName + "-fescar-service-group";
this.fescarProperties.setTxServiceGroup(txServiceGroup);
}
return new GlobalTransactionScanner(applicationName, txServiceGroup);
}
}
可以看到支持一个配置项FescarProperties,用于配置事务分组名称:
spring.cloud.alibaba.fescar.tx-service-group=my_test_tx_group
如果不指定服务组,则默认使用spring.application.name+ -fescar-service-group生成名称,所以不指定spring.application.name启动会报错。
@ConfigurationProperties("spring.cloud.alibaba.fescar")
public class FescarProperties {
private String txServiceGroup;
public FescarProperties() {
}
public String getTxServiceGroup() {
return this.txServiceGroup;
}
public void setTxServiceGroup(String txServiceGroup) {
this.txServiceGroup = txServiceGroup;
}
}
获取 applicationId 和 txServiceGroup 后,创建 GlobalTransactionScanner 对象,主要看类中 initClient 方法。
private void initClient() {
if (StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(applicationId) || StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(txServiceGroup)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"applicationId: " + applicationId + ", txServiceGroup: " + txServiceGroup);
}
//init TM
TMClient.init(applicationId, txServiceGroup);
//init RM
RMClient.init(applicationId, txServiceGroup);
}
方法中可以看到初始化了 TMClient
和 RMClient
,对于一个服务既可以是TM角色也可以是RM角色,至于什么时候是 TM 或者 RM 则要看在一次全局事务中 @GlobalTransactional
注解标注在哪。 Client 创建的结果是与 TC 的一个 Netty 连接,所以在启动日志中可以看到两个 Netty Channel,其中标明了 transactionRole 分别为 TMROLE
和 RMROLE
。
2019-04-09 13:42:57.417 INFO 93715 --- [imeoutChecker_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.NettyPoolableFactory : NettyPool create channel to {"address":"127.0.0.1:8091","message":{"applicationId":"business-service","byteBuffer":{"char":"\u0000","direct":false,"double":0.0,"float":0.0,"int":0,"long":0,"readOnly":false,"short":0},"transactionServiceGroup":"my_test_tx_group","typeCode":101,"version":"0.4.1"},"transactionRole":"TMROLE"}
2019-04-09 13:42:57.505 INFO 93715 --- [imeoutChecker_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.NettyPoolableFactory : NettyPool create channel to {"address":"127.0.0.1:8091","message":{"applicationId":"business-service","byteBuffer":{"char":"\u0000","direct":false,"double":0.0,"float":0.0,"int":0,"long":0,"readOnly":false,"short":0},"transactionServiceGroup":"my_test_tx_group","typeCode":103,"version":"0.4.1"},"transactionRole":"RMROLE"}
2019-04-09 13:42:57.629 DEBUG 93715 --- [lector_TMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Send:RegisterTMRequest{applicationId='business-service', transactionServiceGroup='my_test_tx_group'}
2019-04-09 13:42:57.629 DEBUG 93715 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Send:RegisterRMRequest{resourceIds='null', applicationId='business-service', transactionServiceGroup='my_test_tx_group'}
2019-04-09 13:42:57.699 DEBUG 93715 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Receive:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null,messageId:1
2019-04-09 13:42:57.699 DEBUG 93715 --- [lector_TMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Receive:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null,messageId:2
2019-04-09 13:42:57.701 DEBUG 93715 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : com.alibaba.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient@3b06d101 msgId:1, future :com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.MessageFuture@28bb1abd, body:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null
2019-04-09 13:42:57.701 DEBUG 93715 --- [lector_TMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : com.alibaba.fescar.core.rpc.netty.TmRpcClient@65fc3fb7 msgId:2, future :com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.MessageFuture@9a1e3df, body:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null
2019-04-09 13:42:57.710 INFO 93715 --- [imeoutChecker_1] c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient : register RM success. server version:0.4.1,channel:[id: 0xe6468995, L:/127.0.0.1:57397 - R:/127.0.0.1:8091]
2019-04-09 13:42:57.710 INFO 93715 --- [imeoutChecker_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.NettyPoolableFactory : register success, cost 114 ms, version:0.4.1,role:TMROLE,channel:[id: 0xd22fe0c5, L:/127.0.0.1:57398 - R:/127.0.0.1:8091]
2019-04-09 13:42:57.711 INFO 93715 --- [imeoutChecker_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.NettyPoolableFactory : register success, cost 125 ms, version:0.4.1,role:RMROLE,channel:[id: 0xe6468995, L:/127.0.0.1:57397 - R:/127.0.0.1:8091]
日志中可以看到
- 创建Netty连接
- 发送注册请求
- 得到响应结果
RmRpcClient
、TmRpcClient
成功实例化
TM 处理流程
在本例中,TM 的角色是 business-service, BusinessService 的 purchase 方法标注了 @GlobalTransactional
注解:
@Service
public class BusinessService {
@Autowired
private StorageFeignClient storageFeignClient;
@Autowired
private OrderFeignClient orderFeignClient;
@GlobalTransactional
public void purchase(String userId, String commodityCode, int orderCount){
storageFeignClient.deduct(commodityCode, orderCount);
orderFeignClient.create(userId, commodityCode, orderCount);
}
}
方法调用后将会创建一个全局事务,首先关注 @GlobalTransactional
注解的作用,在 GlobalTransactionalInterceptor 中被拦截处理。
/**
* AOP拦截方法调用
*/
@Override
public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
Class<?> targetClass = (methodInvocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(methodInvocation.getThis()) : null);
Method specificMethod = ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(methodInvocation.getMethod(), targetClass);
final Method method = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(specificMethod);
//获取方法GlobalTransactional注解
final GlobalTransactional globalTransactionalAnnotation = getAnnotation(method, GlobalTransactional.class);
final GlobalLock globalLockAnnotation = getAnnotation(method, GlobalLock.class);
//如果方法有GlobalTransactional注解,则拦截到相应方法处理
if (globalTransactionalAnnotation != null) {
return handleGlobalTransaction(methodInvocation, globalTransactionalAnnotation);
} else if (globalLockAnnotation != null) {
return handleGlobalLock(methodInvocation);
} else {
return methodInvocation.proceed();
}
}
handleGlobalTransaction
方法中对 TransactionalTemplate 的 execute 进行了调用,从类名可以看到这是一个标准的模版方法,它定义了 TM 对全局事务处理的标准步骤,注释已经比较清楚了。
public Object execute(TransactionalExecutor business) throws TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException {
// 1. get or create a transaction
GlobalTransaction tx = GlobalTransactionContext.getCurrentOrCreate();
try {
// 2. begin transaction
try {
triggerBeforeBegin();
tx.begin(business.timeout(), business.name());
triggerAfterBegin();
} catch (TransactionException txe) {
throw new TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException(tx, txe,
TransactionalExecutor.Code.BeginFailure);
}
Object rs = null;
try {
// Do Your Business
rs = business.execute();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
// 3. any business exception, rollback.
try {
triggerBeforeRollback();
tx.rollback();
triggerAfterRollback();
// 3.1 Successfully rolled back
throw new TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException(tx, TransactionalExecutor.Code.RollbackDone, ex);
} catch (TransactionException txe) {
// 3.2 Failed to rollback
throw new TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException(tx, txe,
TransactionalExecutor.Code.RollbackFailure, ex);
}
}
// 4. everything is fine, commit.
try {
triggerBeforeCommit();
tx.commit();
triggerAfterCommit();
} catch (TransactionException txe) {
// 4.1 Failed to commit
throw new TransactionalExecutor.ExecutionException(tx, txe,
TransactionalExecutor.Code.CommitFailure);
}
return rs;
} finally {
//5. clear
triggerAfterCompletion();
cleanUp();
}
}
通过 DefaultGlobalTransaction 的 begin 方法开启全局事务。
public void begin(int timeout, String name) throws TransactionException {
if (role != GlobalTransactionRole.Launcher) {
check();
if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOGGER.debug("Ignore Begin(): just involved in global transaction [" + xid + "]");
}
return;
}
if (xid != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
if (RootContext.getXID() != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
//具体开启事务的方法,获取TC返回的XID
xid = transactionManager.begin(null, null, name, timeout);
status = GlobalStatus.Begin;
RootContext.bind(xid);
if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOGGER.debug("Begin a NEW global transaction [" + xid + "]");
}
}
方法开头处if (role != GlobalTransactionRole.Launcher)
对 role 的判断有关键的作用,表明当前是全局事务的发起者(Launcher)还是参与者(Participant)。如果在分布式事务的下游系统方法中也加上@GlobalTransactional
注解,那么它的角色就是 Participant,会忽略后面的 begin 直接 return,而判断是 Launcher 还是 Participant 是根据当前上下文是否已存在 XID 来判断,没有 XID 的就是 Launcher,已经存在 XID的就是 Participant。由此可见,全局事务的创建只能由 Launcher 执行,而一次分布式事务中也只有一个Launcher 存在。
DefaultTransactionManager负责 TM 与 TC 通讯,发送 begin、commit、rollback 指令。
@Override
public String begin(String applicationId, String transactionServiceGroup, String name, int timeout)
throws TransactionException {
GlobalBeginRequest request = new GlobalBeginRequest();
request.setTransactionName(name);
request.setTimeout(timeout);
GlobalBeginResponse response = (GlobalBeginResponse)syncCall(request);
return response.getXid();
}
至此拿到 fescar-server 返回的 XID 表示一个全局事务创建成功,日志中也反应了上述流程。
2019-04-09 13:46:57.417 DEBUG 31326 --- [nio-8084-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : offer message: timeout=60000,transactionName=purchase(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int)
2019-04-09 13:46:57.417 DEBUG 31326 --- [geSend_TMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : write message:FescarMergeMessage timeout=60000,transactionName=purchase(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int), channel:[id: 0xa148545e, L:/127.0.0.1:56120 - R:/127.0.0.1:8091],active?true,writable?true,isopen?true
2019-04-09 13:46:57.418 DEBUG 31326 --- [lector_TMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Send:FescarMergeMessage timeout=60000,transactionName=purchase(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int)
2019-04-09 13:46:57.421 DEBUG 31326 --- [lector_TMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Receive:MergeResultMessage com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.transaction.GlobalBeginResponse@2dc480dc,messageId:1196
2019-04-09 13:46:57.421 DEBUG 31326 --- [nio-8084-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.context.RootContext : bind 192.168.224.93:8091:2008502699
2019-04-09 13:46:57.421 DEBUG 31326 --- [nio-8084-exec-1] c.a.f.tm.api.DefaultGlobalTransaction : Begin a NEW global transaction [192.168.224.93:8091:2008502699]
全局事务创建后,就开始执行 business.execute(),即业务代码storageFeignClient.deduct(commodityCode, orderCount)
进入 RM 处理流程,此处的业务逻辑为调用 storage-service 的扣减库存接口。
RM 处理流程
@GetMapping(path = "/deduct")
public Boolean deduct(String commodityCode, Integer count){
storageService.deduct(commodityCode,count);
return true;
}
@Transactional
public void deduct(String commodityCode, int count){
Storage storage = storageDAO.findByCommodityCode(commodityCode);
storage.setCount(storage.getCount()-count);
storageDAO.save(storage);
}
storage 的接口和 service 方法并未出现 fescar 相关的代码和注解,体现了 fescar 的无侵入。那它是如何加入到这次全局事务中的呢?答案在ConnectionProxy中,这也是前面说为什么必须要使用DataSourceProxy
的原因,通过 DataSourceProxy 才能在业务代码的本地事务提交时,fescar 通过该切入点,向 TC 注册分支事务并发送 RM 的处理结果。
由于业务代码本身的事务提交被ConnectionProxy
代理实现,所以在提交本地事务时,实际执行的是ConnectionProxy 的 commit 方法。
public void commit() throws SQLException {
//如果当前是全局事务,则执行全局事务的提交
//判断是不是全局事务,就是看当前上下文是否存在XID
if (context.inGlobalTransaction()) {
processGlobalTransactionCommit();
} else if (context.isGlobalLockRequire()) {
processLocalCommitWithGlobalLocks();
} else {
targetConnection.commit();
}
}
private void processGlobalTransactionCommit() throws SQLException {
try {
//首先是向TC注册RM,拿到TC分配的branchId
register();
} catch (TransactionException e) {
recognizeLockKeyConflictException(e);
}
try {
if (context.hasUndoLog()) {
//写入undolog
UndoLogManager.flushUndoLogs(this);
}
//提交本地事务,写入undo_log和业务数据在同一个本地事务中
targetConnection.commit();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
//向TC发送RM的事务处理失败的通知
report(false);
if (ex instanceof SQLException) {
throw new SQLException(ex);
}
}
//向TC发送RM的事务处理成功的通知
report(true);
context.reset();
}
private void register() throws TransactionException {
//注册RM,构建request通过netty向TC发送注册指令
Long branchId = DefaultResourceManager.get().branchRegister(BranchType.AT, getDataSourceProxy().getResourceId(),
null, context.getXid(), null, context.buildLockKeys());
//将返回的branchId存在上下文中
context.setBranchId(branchId);
}
通过日志印证一下上面的流程。
2019-04-09 21:57:48.341 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.c.a.f.web.FescarHandlerInterceptor : xid in RootContext null xid in RpcContext 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211
2019-04-09 21:57:48.341 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.context.RootContext : bind 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211
2019-04-09 21:57:48.341 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.c.a.f.web.FescarHandlerInterceptor : bind 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211 to RootContext
2019-04-09 21:57:48.386 INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.h.h.i.QueryTranslatorFactoryInitiator : HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Hibernate: select storage0_.id as id1_0_, storage0_.commodity_code as commodit2_0_, storage0_.count as count3_0_ from storage_tbl storage0_ where storage0_.commodity_code=?
Hibernate: update storage_tbl set count=? where id=?
2019-04-09 21:57:48.673 INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient : will connect to 192.168.0.2:8091
2019-04-09 21:57:48.673 INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient : RM will register :jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false
2019-04-09 21:57:48.673 INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.NettyPoolableFactory : NettyPool create channel to {"address":"192.168.0.2:8091","message":{"applicationId":"storage-service","byteBuffer":{"char":"\u0000","direct":false,"double":0.0,"float":0.0,"int":0,"long":0,"readOnly":false,"short":0},"resourceIds":"jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false","transactionServiceGroup":"hello-service-fescar-service-group","typeCode":103,"version":"0.4.0"},"transactionRole":"RMROLE"}
2019-04-09 21:57:48.677 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Send:RegisterRMRequest{resourceIds='jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false', applicationId='storage-service', transactionServiceGroup='hello-service-fescar-service-group'}
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Receive:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null,messageId:9
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : com.alibaba.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient@7d61f5d4 msgId:9, future :com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.MessageFuture@186cd3e0, body:version=0.4.1,extraData=null,identified=true,resultCode=null,msg=null
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680 INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient : register RM success. server version:0.4.1,channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091]
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680 INFO 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.NettyPoolableFactory : register success, cost 3 ms, version:0.4.1,role:RMROLE,channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091]
2019-04-09 21:57:48.680 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : offer message: transactionId=2008546211,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,lockKey=storage_tbl:1
2019-04-09 21:57:48.681 DEBUG 38933 --- [geSend_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : write message:FescarMergeMessage transactionId=2008546211,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,lockKey=storage_tbl:1, channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091],active?true,writable?true,isopen?true
2019-04-09 21:57:48.681 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Send:FescarMergeMessage transactionId=2008546211,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,lockKey=storage_tbl:1
2019-04-09 21:57:48.687 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Receive:MergeResultMessage BranchRegisterResponse: transactionId=2008546211,branchId=2008546212,result code =Success,getMsg =null,messageId:11
2019-04-09 21:57:48.702 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.rm.datasource.undo.UndoLogManager : Flushing UNDO LOG: {"branchId":2008546212,"sqlUndoLogs":[{"afterImage":{"rows":[{"fields":[{"keyType":"PrimaryKey","name":"id","type":4,"value":1},{"keyType":"NULL","name":"count","type":4,"value":993}]}],"tableName":"storage_tbl"},"beforeImage":{"rows":[{"fields":[{"keyType":"PrimaryKey","name":"id","type":4,"value":1},{"keyType":"NULL","name":"count","type":4,"value":994}]}],"tableName":"storage_tbl"},"sqlType":"UPDATE","tableName":"storage_tbl"}],"xid":"192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211"}
2019-04-09 21:57:48.755 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : offer message: transactionId=2008546211,branchId=2008546212,resourceId=null,status=PhaseOne_Done,applicationData=null
2019-04-09 21:57:48.755 DEBUG 38933 --- [geSend_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : write message:FescarMergeMessage transactionId=2008546211,branchId=2008546212,resourceId=null,status=PhaseOne_Done,applicationData=null, channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091],active?true,writable?true,isopen?true
2019-04-09 21:57:48.756 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Send:FescarMergeMessage transactionId=2008546211,branchId=2008546212,resourceId=null,status=PhaseOne_Done,applicationData=null
2019-04-09 21:57:48.758 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Receive:MergeResultMessage com.alibaba.fescar.core.protocol.transaction.BranchReportResponse@582a08cf,messageId:13
2019-04-09 21:57:48.799 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] c.a.fescar.core.context.RootContext : unbind 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211
2019-04-09 21:57:48.799 DEBUG 38933 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.c.a.f.web.FescarHandlerInterceptor : unbind 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211 from RootContext
- 获取business-service传来的XID
- 绑定XID到当前上下文中
- 执行业务逻辑sql
- 向TC创建本次RM的Netty连接
- 向TC发送分支事务的相关信息
- 获得TC返回的branchId
- 记录Undo Log数据
- 向TC发送本次事务PhaseOne阶段的处理结果
- 从当前上下文中解绑XID
其中第 1 步和第 9 步,是在FescarHandlerInterceptor中完成的,该类并不属于 fescar,是前面提到的 spring-cloud-alibaba-fescar,它实现了基于 feign、rest 通信时将 xid bind 和 unbind 到当前请求上下文中。到这里 RM 完成了 PhaseOne 阶段的工作,接着看 PhaseTwo 阶段的处理逻辑。
事务提交
各分支事务执行完成后,TC 对各 RM 的汇报结果进行汇总,给各 RM 发送 commit 或 rollback 的指令。
2019-04-09 21:57:49.813 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Receive:xid=192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211,branchId=2008546212,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,applicationData=null,messageId:1
2019-04-09 21:57:49.813 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : com.alibaba.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient@7d61f5d4 msgId:1, body:xid=192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211,branchId=2008546212,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,applicationData=null
2019-04-09 21:57:49.814 INFO 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] c.a.f.core.rpc.netty.RmMessageListener : onMessage:xid=192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211,branchId=2008546212,branchType=AT,resourceId=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false,applicationData=null
2019-04-09 21:57:49.816 INFO 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] com.alibaba.fescar.rm.AbstractRMHandler : Branch committing: 192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211 2008546212 jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_storage?useSSL=false null
2019-04-09 21:57:49.816 INFO 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] com.alibaba.fescar.rm.AbstractRMHandler : Branch commit result: PhaseTwo_Committed
2019-04-09 21:57:49.817 INFO 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] c.a.fescar.core.rpc.netty.RmRpcClient : RmRpcClient sendResponse branchStatus=PhaseTwo_Committed,result code =Success,getMsg =null
2019-04-09 21:57:49.817 DEBUG 38933 --- [atch_RMROLE_1_8] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.AbstractRpcRemoting : send response:branchStatus=PhaseTwo_Committed,result code =Success,getMsg =null,channel:[id: 0xd40718e3, L:/192.168.0.2:62607 - R:/192.168.0.2:8091]
2019-04-09 21:57:49.817 DEBUG 38933 --- [lector_RMROLE_1] c.a.f.c.rpc.netty.MessageCodecHandler : Send:branchStatus=PhaseTwo_Committed,result code =Success,getMsg =null
从日志中可以看到
- RM 收到 XID=192.168.0.2:8091:2008546211,branchId=2008546212 的 commit 通知;
- 执行 commit 动作;
- 将 commit 结果发送给 TC,branchStatus 为 PhaseTwo_Committed;
具体看下二阶段 commit 的执行过程,在AbstractRMHandler类的 doBranchCommit 方法:
/**
* 拿到通知的xid、branchId等关键参数
* 然后调用RM的branchCommit
*/
protected void doBranchCommit(BranchCommitRequest request, BranchCommitResponse response) throws TransactionException {
String xid = request.getXid();
long branchId = request.getBranchId();
String resourceId = request.getResourceId();
String applicationData = request.getApplicationData();
LOGGER.info("Branch committing: " + xid + " " + branchId + " " + resourceId + " " + applicationData);
BranchStatus status = getResourceManager().branchCommit(request.getBranchType(), xid, branchId, resourceId, applicationData);
response.setBranchStatus(status);
LOGGER.info("Branch commit result: " + status);
}
最终会将 branchCommit 的请求调用到AsyncWorker的 branchCommit 方法。AsyncWorker 的处理方式是fescar 架构的一个关键部分,因为大部分事务都是会正常提交的,所以在 PhaseOne 阶段就已经结束了,这样就可以将锁最快的释放。PhaseTwo 阶段接收 commit 的指令后,异步处理即可。将 PhaseTwo 的时间消耗排除在一次分布式事务之外。
private static final List<Phase2Context> ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER = Collections.synchronizedList( new ArrayList<Phase2Context>());
/**
* 将需要提交的XID加入list
*/
@Override
public BranchStatus branchCommit(BranchType branchType, String xid, long branchId, String resourceId, String applicationData) throws TransactionException {
if (ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER.size() < ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER_LIMIT) {
ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER.add(new Phase2Context(branchType, xid, branchId, resourceId, applicationData));
} else {
LOGGER.warn("Async commit buffer is FULL. Rejected branch [" + branchId + "/" + xid + "] will be handled by housekeeping later.");
}
return BranchStatus.PhaseTwo_Committed;
}
/**
* 通过定时任务消费list中的XID
*/
public synchronized void init() {
LOGGER.info("Async Commit Buffer Limit: " + ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER_LIMIT);
timerExecutor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1,
new NamedThreadFactory("AsyncWorker", 1, true));
timerExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
doBranchCommits();
} catch (Throwable e) {
LOGGER.info("Failed at async committing ... " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}, 10, 1000 * 1, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
private void doBranchCommits() {
if (ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER.size() == 0) {
return;
}
Map<String, List<Phase2Context>> mappedContexts = new HashMap<>();
Iterator<Phase2Context> iterator = ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER.iterator();
//一次定时循环取出ASYNC_COMMIT_BUFFER中的所有待办数据
//以resourceId作为key分组待commit数据,resourceId是一个数据库的连接url
//在前面的日志中可以看到,目的是为了覆盖应用的多数据源创建
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Phase2Context commitContext = iterator.next();
List<Phase2Context> contextsGroupedByResourceId = mappedContexts.get(commitContext.resourceId);
if (contextsGroupedByResourceId == null) {
contextsGroupedByResourceId = new ArrayList<>();
mappedContexts.put(commitContext.resourceId, contextsGroupedByResourceId);
}
contextsGroupedByResourceId.add(commitContext);
iterator.remove();
}
for (Map.Entry<String, List<Phase2Context>> entry : mappedContexts.entrySet()) {
Connection conn = null;
try {
try {
//根据resourceId获取数据源以及连接
DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy = DataSourceManager.get().get(entry.getKey());
conn = dataSourceProxy.getPlainConnection();
} catch (SQLException sqle) {
LOGGER.warn("Failed to get connection for async committing on " + entry.getKey(), sqle);
continue;
}
List<Phase2Context> contextsGroupedByResourceId = entry.getValue();
for (Phase2Context commitContext : contextsGroupedByResourceId) {
try {
//执行undolog的处理,即删除xid、branchId对应的记录
UndoLogManager.deleteUndoLog(commitContext.xid, commitContext.branchId, conn);
} catch (Exception ex) {
LOGGER.warn(
"Failed to delete undo log [" + commitContext.branchId + "/" + commitContext.xid + "]", ex);
}
}
} finally {
if (conn != null) {
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException closeEx) {
LOGGER.warn("Failed to close JDBC resource while deleting undo_log ", closeEx);
}
}
}
}
}
所以对于commit动作的处理,RM只需删除xid、branchId对应的undo_log即可。
事务回滚
对于rollback场景的触发有两种情况
- 分支事务处理异常,即ConnectionProxy中
report(false)
的情况 - TM捕获到下游系统上抛的异常,即发起全局事务标有
@GlobalTransactional
注解的方法捕获到的异常。在前面TransactionalTemplate类的execute模版方法中,对business.execute()的调用进行了catch,catch后会调用rollback,由TM通知TC对应XID需要回滚事务
public void rollback() throws TransactionException {
//只有Launcher能发起这个rollback
if (role == GlobalTransactionRole.Participant) {
// Participant has no responsibility of committing
if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOGGER.debug("Ignore Rollback(): just involved in global transaction [" + xid + "]");
}
return;
}
if (xid == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
status = transactionManager.rollback(xid);
if (RootContext.getXID() != null) {
if (xid.equals(RootContext.getXID())) {
RootContext.unbind();
}
}
}
TC 汇总后向参与者发送 rollback 指令,RM 在AbstractRMHandler类的 doBranchRollback 方法中接收这个rollback 的通知。
protected void doBranchRollback(BranchRollbackRequest request, BranchRollbackResponse response) throws TransactionException {
String xid = request.getXid();
long branchId = request.getBranchId();
String resourceId = request.getResourceId();
String applicationData = request.getApplicationData();
LOGGER.info("Branch rolling back: " + xid + " " + branchId + " " + resourceId);
BranchStatus status = getResourceManager().branchRollback(request.getBranchType(), xid, branchId, resourceId, applicationData);
response.setBranchStatus(status);
LOGGER.info("Branch rollback result: " + status);
}
然后将 rollback 请求传递到DataSourceManager
类的 branchRollback 方法。
public BranchStatus branchRollback(BranchType branchType, String xid, long branchId, String resourceId, String applicationData) throws TransactionException {
//根据resourceId获取对应的数据源
DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy = get(resourceId);
if (dataSourceProxy == null) {
throw new ShouldNeverHappenException();
}
try {
UndoLogManager.undo(dataSourceProxy, xid, branchId);
} catch (TransactionException te) {
if (te.getCode() == TransactionExceptionCode.BranchRollbackFailed_Unretriable) {
return BranchStatus.PhaseTwo_RollbackFailed_Unretryable;
} else {
return BranchStatus.PhaseTwo_RollbackFailed_Retryable;
}
}
return BranchStatus.PhaseTwo_Rollbacked;
}
最终会执行UndoLogManager类的 undo 方法,因为是纯 jdbc 操作代码比较长就不贴出来了,可以通过连接到github 查看源码,说一下 undo 的具体流程:
- 根据 xid 和 branchId 查找 PhaseOne 阶段提交的 undo_log;
- 如果找到了就根据 undo_log 中记录的数据生成回放 sql 并执行,即还原 PhaseOne 阶段修改的数据;
- 第 2 步处理完后,删除该条 undo_log 数据;
- 如果第 1 步没有找到对应的 undo_log,就插入一条状态为
GlobalFinished
的 undo_log。出现没找到的原因可能是 PhaseOne 阶段的本地事务异常了,导致没有正常写入。 因为 xid 和 branchId 是唯一索引,所以第 4步的插入,可以防止 PhaseOne 阶段恢复后的成功写入,那么 PhaseOne 阶段就会异常,这样一来业务数据也就不会提交成功,数据达到了最终回滚了的效果。
总结
本地结合分布式业务场景,分析了 fescar client 侧的主要处理流程,对 TM 和 RM 角色的主要源码进行了解析,希望能对大家理解 fescar 的工作原理有所帮助。
随着 fescar 的快速迭代以及后期 Roadmap 规划的不断完善,假以时日,相信 fescar 能够成为开源分布式事务的标杆解决方案。
原文链接
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