LeetCode394

字符串解码：
样例：
s = “3[a]2[bc]”, 返回 “aaabcbc”.
s = “3[a2[c]]”, 返回 “accaccacc”.
s = “2[abc]3[cd]ef”, 返回 “abcabccdcdcdef”
方法1：递归
方法2：栈

//方法1：DFS

public static String decodeString(String s){
        char[] chs = s.toCharArray();
        return dfs(chs,0)[0];
    }
    public static String[] dfs(char[] chs,int idx){
        int multi = 0; //倍数 倍数可能是3 也可能是32
        StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
        while(idx<chs.length){
            char ch = chs[idx];
            if(ch=='['){ //进入新的递归
                String[] tmp = dfs(chs,idx+1);
                idx = Integer.parseInt(tmp[0]);
                while(multi>0){
                    res.append(tmp[1]);
                    multi--;
                }
            }else{
                if(ch==']'){
                    return new String[]{String.valueOf(idx),res.toString()};
                }else{
                    if(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){
                        multi=multi*10+Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(ch));
                    }else{
                        res.append(String.valueOf(ch));
                    }
                }
            }
            idx++;
        }
        return new String[]{res.toString()};
    }

方法2：栈

public static String decodeString(String s){
        char[] chs = s.toCharArray();
        int multi = 0;
        Stack<Integer> stMulti = new Stack<>();  //保存当前mutli倍数
        Stack<String> stStr = new Stack<>();     //保存当前res字符串
        StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();

        for(char ch:chs){
            if(ch>='0' && ch<='9'){
                multi=multi*10+Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(ch));
            }else{
                if(ch=='['){
                    stMulti.add(multi);
                    stStr.add(res.toString());
                    multi=0;
                    res=new StringBuffer();
                }else{
                    if(ch==']'){
                        String str = stStr.pop();
                        int n = stMulti.pop();
                        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
                        while(n>0){
                            sb.append(res);
                            n--;
                        }
                        res=new StringBuffer(str+sb);
                    }else{
                        res.append(String.valueOf(ch));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return res.toString();
    }