1.1xml文档结构

document    ::=    prolog?, element+, Misc*  
prolog
  prolog    ::=    XMLDecl? Misc* (doctypedecl Misc*)? 
  XMLDecl    ::=    '<?xml' VersionInfo EncodingDecl? SDDecl? S? '?>'
  VersionInfo    ::=    S 'version' Eq ("'" VersionNum "'" | '"' VersionNum '"')
  EncodingDecl    ::=    S 'encoding' Eq ('"' EncName '"' | "'" EncName "'" ) 
  SDDecl    ::=    S 'standalone' Eq (("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))

 Comment    ::=    '<!--' ((Char - '-') | ('-' (Char - '-')))* '-->'
 S    ::=    (#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+
 PI    ::=    '<?' PITarget (S (Char* - (Char* '?>' Char*)))? '?>'
 <![CDATA[ " and end with the string " ]]>

  Misc    ::=    Comment | PI | S 

 doctypedecl    ::=    '<!DOCTYPE' S Name (S ExternalID)? S? ('[' intSubset ']' S?)? '>'
   ExternalID    ::=    'SYSTEM' S SystemLiteral  | 'PUBLIC' S PubidLiteral S SystemLiteral 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE greeting SYSTEM "hello.dtd">
<greeting>Hello, world!</greeting>