目录
4.1.1 @SpringBootConfiguration
4.1.3 @EnableAutoConfiguration
4.1.3.1 @AutoConfigurationPackage
4.1.3.2 @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
5.3 Spring Initailizr(项目初始化向导)
第四章 自动配置原理入门
//@SpringBootApplication
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan("com.xxy.boot")
public class MainApplication {//主程序类
}
4.1 引导加载自动配置类
@SpringBootApplication注解中的核心:
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class})})
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
}
4.1.1 @SpringBootConfiguration
@SpringBootConfiguration注解的实现用到了注解@Configurantion。代表当前是一个配置类。
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
}
4.1.2 @ComponentScan
指定扫描哪些路径下的Spring注解。
4.1.3 @EnableAutoConfiguration
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
}
4.1.3.1 @AutoConfigurationPackage
指定了默认的包规则。
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar;
@Import({Registrar.class})//给容器中导入一个组件
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
}
//利用Registrar给容器中导入一系列组件
//将指定的一个包下的所有组件导入进来,即主程序类MainApplication所在的包下
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
Registrar() {
}
//给容器批量注册组件
//AnnotationMetadata表示注解的源信息,标在哪个类上,在这里就是标来MainApplication这个主程序类上
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
//第二个参数就是指定了哪些包下的spring注解会被注册,这里写的就是主程序类的包下
AutoConfigurationPackages.register(registry, (String[])(new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImports(metadata)).getPackageNames().toArray(new String[0]));
}
public Set<Object> determineImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
return Collections.singleton(new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImports(metadata));
}
}
4.1.3.2 @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware, ResourceLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {
//这个类当中的一个方法
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
} else {
AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
}
}
}
protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
} else {
//会导入很多默认组件
AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
//configurations里面包括了那些默认组件
//getCandidateConfigurations获取所有的候选配置
List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = this.getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
}
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
//SpringFactoriesLoader:spring工厂加载器
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
}
//最后得到一个Map<String, List<String>>
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = (MultiValueMap)cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
} else {
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
LinkedMultiValueMap result = new LinkedMultiValueMap();
while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
Iterator var6 = properties.entrySet().iterator();
while(var6.hasNext()) {
Entry<?, ?> entry = (Entry)var6.next();
String factoryTypeName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
String[] var9 = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String)entry.getValue());
int var10 = var9.length;
for(int var11 = 0; var11 < var10; ++var11) {
String factoryImplementationName = var9[var11];
result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim());
}
}
}
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
} catch (IOException var13) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var13);
}
}
}
1、利用getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata)方法给容器中批量导入一些组件
2、调用List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)获取到所有需要导入到容器中的配置类
3、利用工厂加载 Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader)方法得到所有的组件
4、从META-INF/spring.factories位置来加载一个文件。
默认扫描我们当前系统里面所有META-INF/spring.factories位置的文件
spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar包里面也有META-INF/spring.factories(这个包内就有上面说到的configurations内的127个自动配置类)
文件里面写死固定了spring-boot一启动就要给容器中加载的所有配置类
4.2 按需开启自动配置项
虽然我们127个场景的所有自动配置启动的时候默认全部加载。xxxxAutoConfiguration
按照条件装配规则(@Conditional),最终会按需配置。
4.3 实例展示
4.3.1 DispatcherServlet
比如看这个DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration:
@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483648)
@Configuration(
proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(
type = Type.SERVLET
)
@ConditionalOnClass({DispatcherServlet.class})
@AutoConfigureAfter({ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.class})
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration {
@Configuration(
proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@Conditional({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class})
@ConditionalOnClass({ServletRegistration.class})
@EnableConfigurationProperties({WebMvcProperties.class})
protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {
protected DispatcherServletConfiguration() {
}
@Bean(
name = {"dispatcherServlet"}
)
public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
return dispatcherServlet;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean({MultipartResolver.class})//容器中有这个类型的组件
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(
name = {"multipartResolver"}
)//容器中没有这个名字multipartResolver的组件
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {//文件上传解析器
//给@Bean标注的方法传入了对象参数,这个参数的值就会从容器中找。
//SpringMVC配置时一定要叫multipartResolver。
//这里条件加上了不叫这个名字,也能找到这个文件上传解析器。防止有些用户配置的文件上传解析器不符合规范
//此时再重新返回,名字又注册为了multipartResolver,因为方法名就是id
// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
return resolver;
}
}
}
第一个dispatcherServlet()方法就会在满足条件的情况下在容器中创建出一个DispatcherServlet的实例,并且这个实例的id就是dispatcherServlet。这样我们就不需要像springmvc一样自己在配置文件中手动配置,springboot的底层帮我们配置好了。
第二个方法的条件针对用户配置的名字可能不符合规范,但是springboot底部能够读到这个对象并返回一个符合规范的id。
4.3.2 CharacterEncodingFilter
再看看HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration:
@Configuration(
proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(
type = Type.SERVLET
)
@ConditionalOnClass({CharacterEncodingFilter.class})
@ConditionalOnProperty(
prefix = "server.servlet.encoding",
value = {"enabled"},
matchIfMissing = true
)
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean//如果用户没有配置这个bean,springboot底层会自动配置
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.REQUEST));
filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.RESPONSE));
return filter;
}
}
自动配置了字符过滤器CharacterEncodingFilter。
SpringBoot默认会在底层配好所有的组件。但是如果用户自己配置了以用户的优先。
4.4 总结
- SpringBoot先加载所有的自动配置类 xxxxxAutoConfiguration
- 每个自动配置类按照条件进行生效,默认都会绑定配置文件指定的值。xxxxProperties里面拿,xxxProperties和配置文件进行了绑定
- 生效的配置类就会给容器中装配很多组件
- 只要容器中有这些组件,相当于这些功能就有了
- 定制化配置(修改默认实现)
- 用户直接自己@Bean替换底层的组件
-
用户去看这个组件是获取的配置文件什么值就去修改
整体流程:
xxxxxAutoConfiguration ---> 组件 ---> xxxxProperties里面拿值 ----> application.properties
4.5 SpringBoot开发步骤
- 引入场景依赖:Developing with Spring Boot
- 查看自动配置了哪些(选做)
- 自己分析,引入场景对应的自动配置一般都生效了
- 配置文件application.properties中加入debug=true开启自动配置报告。Negative(不生效)\Positive(生效)
- 是否需要修改
- 参照文档修改配置项
- Common Application Properties
- 自己分析。xxxxProperties绑定了配置文件的哪些。
- 自定义加入或者替换组件
- @Bean、@Component...
- 自定义器 XXXXXCustomizer
- 参照文档修改配置项
第五章 开发小技巧
5.1 Lombok
简化JavaBean开发。Lombok会自动帮我们在编译时实现get、set方法,不需要手动写了。
引入依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
在IDEA中安装lombok插件。之后直接使用注解即可。
@NoArgsConstructor //无参构造器
@AllArgsConstructor //全参构造器
@ToString //toString方法
@Data //get、set方法不需要手动写了
@EqualsAndHashCode //equals方法和hashCode方法
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mycar")
public class Car {
private String brand;
private Integer price;
}
还可以简化日志开发:
@Slf4j //日志
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String handle01(@RequestParam("name") String name){
log.info("请求进来了....");
return "Hello, Spring Boot 2!"+"你好:"+name;
}
}
5.2 dev-tools
实现热更新。Restart。
引入依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
项目或者页面修改以后:Ctrl+F9。
5.3 Spring Initailizr(项目初始化向导)
5.3.1 选择开发场景
5.3.2 目录形式
5.3.3 自动生成主程序类(主配置类)
5.3.4 根据场景选择自动导入依赖
PS:根据尚硅谷课程整理,如有侵权,联系删除