对/home和/根目录目录进行扩容 - update20231008

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已于 2023-10-08 14:32:03 修改

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分类专栏： OS 文章标签： linux

于 2020-08-05 15:14:52 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xxzhaobb/article/details/107815908

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本文详细介绍了在Linux环境下如何通过增加硬盘并利用LVM技术对指定目录如/home和根目录进行容量扩展的操作流程，包括创建物理卷、扩展卷组、调整逻辑卷大小及更新文件系统等关键步骤。

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通过卷的一些命令，对/home目录进行扩容

-- 通过df -h 查看，/home目录大小不足。通过增加一块硬盘，扩大/home大小。

[root@wls10306-01 oracle]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   48G   26G   23G  54% /
devtmpfs               974M     0  974M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  991M     0  991M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  991M   11M  980M   2% /run
tmpfs                  991M     0  991M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             1014M  148M  867M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home  8.4G  8.2G  241M  98% /home
tmpfs                  199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs                  199M   36K  199M   1% /run/user/1100
[root@wls10306-01 oracle]#

-- fdisk -l，查询到是/dev/sdb,进行分区后是/dev/sdb1

-- 创建pv

[root@wls10306-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@wls10306-01 ~]#

-- 扩展vg，vg扩展后，剩余空闲大小大约2G

[root@wls10306-01 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <59.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              15103
  Alloc PE / Size       15102 / 58.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               UCy2xg-RJGO-Zm4C-9tPd-lSog-tzMp-Ptf7FW

[root@wls10306-01 ~]# vgextend rhel /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "rhel" successfully extended
[root@wls10306-01 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               60.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              15614
  Alloc PE / Size       15102 / 58.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       512 / 2.00 GiB
  VG UUID               UCy2xg-RJGO-Zm4C-9tPd-lSog-tzMp-Ptf7FW

[root@wls10306-01 ~]#

-- 查看逻辑卷，卷的大小，没有变化

 --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rhel/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                rhel
  LV UUID                uH4dWz-XASS-81f7-UjyX-wg0Y-JoIn-ll1oQE
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time wls10306, 2020-01-06 08:39:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <8.37 GiB
  Current LE             2142
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2

-- 扩展逻辑卷

[root@wls10306-01 ~]# lvextend -L +1.9G /dev/rhel/home
  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 1.90 GiB.
  Size of logical volume rhel/home changed from <8.37 GiB (2142 extents) to <10.27 GiB (2629 extents).
  Logical volume rhel/home successfully resized.
[root@wls10306-01 ~]#

-- 扩展后的大小

 --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rhel/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                rhel
  LV UUID                uH4dWz-XASS-81f7-UjyX-wg0Y-JoIn-ll1oQE
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time wls10306, 2020-01-06 08:39:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <10.27 GiB
  Current LE             2629
  Segments               3
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2

-- 查看/home的大小，还是8G多，使用resizfs2命令重新加载逻辑卷的大小，报错

[root@wls10306-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/rhel/home
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/rhel/home
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
[root@wls10306-01 ~]#

-- 因为是xfs文件系统，所以要使用xfs_growfs命令调整xfs格式文件大小

[root@wls10306-01 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/rhel/home
meta-data=/dev/mapper/rhel-home  isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=548352 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2193408, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2193408 to 2692096
[root@wls10306-01 ~]#

-- 再次查看大小，扩展成功。

[root@wls10306-01 ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   48G   26G   23G  54% /
devtmpfs               974M     0  974M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  991M     0  991M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  991M   10M  981M   2% /run
tmpfs                  991M     0  991M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             1014M  148M  867M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home   11G  8.2G  2.2G  80% /home
tmpfs                  199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs                  199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/1100
[root@wls10306-01 ~]#

END

-- 以下add 20231008

-- 根目录不足，添加100G的盘，先扩50G给根目录所在的卷，剩余50G，有需要了再添加到其他的卷

-- 针对新加的盘sdc,创建pv

[root@redhat762100 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
[root@redhat762100 ~]#

-- 查看vg情况，vg名为rhel， free空间几乎无

[root@redhat762100 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <139.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              35583
  Alloc PE / Size       35582 / 138.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               GVU9bD-F2AV-DLjs-Yqux-kYlp-0pjI-3eiNQg

[root@redhat762100 ~]#

-- 对vg rhel进行扩展，可以看到扩展后的rhel卷，free空间100G

[root@redhat762100 ~]# vgextend rhel /dev/sdc
  Volume group "rhel" successfully extended
[root@redhat762100 ~]#

[root@redhat762100 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               238.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              61182
  Alloc PE / Size       35582 / 138.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       25600 / 100.00 GiB
  VG UUID               GVU9bD-F2AV-DLjs-Yqux-kYlp-0pjI-3eiNQg

[root@redhat762100 ~]#

-- 查看lv /dev/rhel/root ，大小是129G

[root@redhat762100 ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rhel/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                rhel
  LV UUID                6LPp4c-53BR-gUz9-9cdQ-mpp8-XkfX-KmAvhE
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time redhat762100, 2019-04-30 09:56:17 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                129.99 GiB
  Current LE             33278
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---

-- 将/dev/rhel/root 卷扩50G ，扩完后，可以看到rhel卷，还剩余50G

[root@redhat762100 ~]# lvextend -L +50G /dev/rhel/root
  Size of logical volume rhel/root changed from 129.99 GiB (33278 extents) to 179.99 GiB (46078 extents).
  Logical volume rhel/root successfully resized.
[root@redhat762100 ~]#

[root@redhat762100 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               238.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              61182
  Alloc PE / Size       48382 / 188.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       12800 / 50.00 GiB
  VG UUID               GVU9bD-F2AV-DLjs-Yqux-kYlp-0pjI-3eiNQg

[root@redhat762100 ~]#

-- /dev/rhel/root ，已经变成了179G ，增加了50G

[root@redhat762100 ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rhel/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                rhel
  LV UUID                6LPp4c-53BR-gUz9-9cdQ-mpp8-XkfX-KmAvhE
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time redhat762100, 2019-04-30 09:56:17 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                179.99 GiB
  Current LE             46078
  Segments               3
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

  --- Logical volume ---

-- 此时OS的根目录没有变化，需要更新下文件系统

[root@redhat762100 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/rhel/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/rhel-root  isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=8519168 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=34076672, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=16639, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 34076672 to 47183872
[root@redhat762100 ~]#

-- 更新后的OS大小

[root@redhat762100 ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root  180G  121G   60G  68% /
devtmpfs               2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
tmpfs                  2.0G  4.0K  2.0G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  2.0G   12M  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs                  2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             1014M  132M  883M  13% /boot
/dev/sdb1               60G  2.6G   58G   5% /backup
/dev/mapper/rhel-home  6.0G  2.6G  3.4G  44% /home
tmpfs                  394M     0  394M   0% /run/user/0
[root@redhat762100 ~]#

-- 查看vg卷组，还剩余50G，待下次使用

[root@redhat762100 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               238.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              61182
  Alloc PE / Size       48382 / 188.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       12800 / 50.00 GiB
  VG UUID               GVU9bD-F2AV-DLjs-Yqux-kYlp-0pjI-3eiNQg

[root@redhat762100 ~]#

END