设备使用python连接阿里Iot

简单的说一下mqtt原理
发布者（Publisher）、代理（Broker，服务器）、订阅者（Subscriber）。发布者和订阅者都是客户端
阿里iot学习路线: https://help.aliyun.com/learn/learningpath/iot.html?spm=5176.229363.1219927.btn3.7d431449twQUhs
个人觉得 阿里iot平台 消息传输可以分为: 设备端, 服务订阅端, 云端api 这样更恰当

阿里的iot平台是收费的,连接时长费,消费通讯费,(马爸爸说:不赚钱的企业是不道德的),
所以我想,最简单的方法使用mqtt+http,服务订阅端不要了,而不是全部使用mqtt,mqtt的作用就是当年的BB机.
服务器通过iot平台通知设备端:服务器呼叫你,请回电!然后设备端发起post/get请求,然后两边就可以通讯了!
只是一种想法,毕竟http协议是开放的,安全性不是那么好,还有性能开销等问题,唯一的好处是不要钱!

以下代码环境:
python 3.7
win10
centos7_64

设备端:(python3.7 + win10)
设备端连接阿里的iot平台有两种方式:
1,使用开源的mqtt协议连接阿里云iot
参考: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_34233421/article/details/90418854
https://blog.csdn.net/S_L_zheng/article/details/81736107
https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/721378 (这个只能做辅助)
代码见文章尾部

2,使用阿里的linkkit SDK
参考: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_19408097/article/details/100862733
这是两种连接阿里iot平台的方法都是可以的
连接上之后都可以使用控制台上的自定义topic消息发送消息测试,但是设备订阅端是收不到自己发的消息的
代码见文章尾部
服务端订阅: (python3.7 + centos7_64+ AMQP服务端订阅 )
就是放在服务器上接收设备发送的消息的
本来想在win10上进行测试,尝试多次,不成功!在centos上 一次成功:
参考: https://blog.csdn.net/hamanwendy/article/details/104450338
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41869763/article/details/103910017
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/143597.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.620.1da47fe4K7zCZu

我是这么干的:
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/qpid/proton/0.29.0/qpid-proton-0.29.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf qpid-proton-0.29.0.tar.gz
yum install gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libuuid-devel
yum install openssl-devel
yum install cyrus-sasl-devel cyrus-sasl-plain cyrus-sasl-md5
yum install swig
yum install python-devel
yum install python-sphinx

cd qpid-proton-0.29.0/
mkdir build
cd build
cmake … -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr -DSYSINSTALL_BINDINGS=ON
sudo make install

pip install python-qpid-proton

测试:
python
import proton
print(’%s’ % ‘SSL present’ if proton.SSL.present() else ‘SSL NOT AVAILABLE’)
显示: SSL present
代码见文章尾部

云端调用api发消息给设备:
参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43368807/article/details/83026434’
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/30579.html?spm=5176.11842913.1177534.34.178e6e69WFKrUc
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/42700.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.2.17.683c3d66Klq7j2#reference-qdh-ywb-zdb
代码见文章尾部(能通,但没解析)

以下均为代码:

开源mqtt设备端:

# encoding: utf-8
import hmac
import hashlib
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

ProductKey = '********'
ClientId = "12345"  # 自定义clientId
DeviceName = "led1"
DeviceSecret = "*****************************************"
signmethod = 'hmacsha1'
timestamp = '119345'
mqttHostUrl = ProductKey + ".iot-as-mqtt.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com"
mqttHostPort = 1883
mqttClientId = ClientId + '|securemode=3,signmethod=' + signmethod + ',timestamp=' + timestamp + '|'
mqttUsername = DeviceName + '&' + ProductKey


def get_mqtt_password():
    data = "".join(("clientId", ClientId, "deviceName", DeviceName,
                    "productKey", ProductKey, "timestamp", timestamp
                    ))
    print(data)
    if "hmacsha1" == signmethod:
        ret = hmac.new(bytes(DeviceSecret, encoding="utf-8"),
                       bytes(data, encoding="utf-8"),
                       hashlib.sha1).hexdigest()
        return ret
    elif "hmacmd5" == signmethod:
        ret = hmac.new(bytes(DeviceSecret, encoding="utf-8"),
                       bytes(data, encoding="utf-8"))
    return ret


mqttPassword = get_mqtt_password()
mqttc = mqtt.Client(mqttClientId)


# 连接
def on_mqtt_connect():
    print("mqttClientId:", mqttClientId)
    print("mqttUsername:", mqttUsername)
    print("mqttPassword:", mqttPassword)
    print("mqttHostUrl:", mqttHostUrl)
    mqttc.username_pw_set(mqttUsername, mqttPassword)
    mqttc.connect(mqttHostUrl, mqttHostPort, 60)




# publish (发布)消息
def on_publish(topic, payload, qos):
    mqttc.publish(topic, payload, qos)


#  subscribe 订阅消息
def on_subscribe():
    mqttc.subscribe(ProductKey+"/"+DeviceName+"/user/update", 1)
    mqttc.on_message = on_message_come  # 消息到来处理函数


# 消息处理函数
def on_message_come(lient, userdata, msg):
    print('消息接收', msg.topic + " " + ":" + str(msg.payload))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    on_mqtt_connect()
    on_subscribe()
    mqttc.loop_forever()

linkkit设备端:

from linkkit import linkkit
import time

# 连接阿里云
def on_connect(session_flag, rc, userdata):
    print("on_connect:%d,rc:%d,userdata:" % (session_flag, rc))
    pass

def on_subscribe_topic(mid, granted_qos, userdata):  # 订阅topic
    print("on_subscribe_topic mid:%d, granted_qos:%s" %
          (mid, str(','.join('%s' % it for it in granted_qos))))
    pass

# 接收云端的数据
def on_topic_message(topic, payload, qos, userdata):
    print("on_topic_message:" + topic + " payload:" + str(payload) + " qos:" + str(qos))
    print("阿里云上传回的数值是:", str(payload)[2:-1])

def on_unsubscribe_topic(mid, userdata):
    print("on_unsubscribe_topic mid:%d" % mid)
    pass


# 设置连接参数，方法为“一机一密”型
lk = linkkit.LinkKit(
    host_name="cn-shanghai",
    product_key="***************************************",
    device_name="led1",
    device_secret="****************************")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 注册接收到云端数据的方法
    lk.on_connect = on_connect
    # 注册云端订阅的方法
    lk.on_subscribe_topic = on_subscribe_topic
    # 注册当接受到云端发送的数据的时候的方法
    lk.on_topic_message = on_topic_message
    # 注册取消云端订阅的方法
    lk.on_unsubscribe_topic = on_unsubscribe_topic

    # 连接阿里云的函数（异步调用）
    lk.connect_async()
    # 因为他是他是异步调用需要时间所以如果没有这个延时函数的话，他就会出现not in connected state的错误
    time.sleep(2)
    # 订阅这个topic，不需要写prodect_key和device_name
    rc, mid = lk.subscribe_topic(lk.to_full_topic("user/get"))
    if rc == 0:
        print("subscribe multiple topics success:%r, mid:%r" % (rc, mid))
    else:
        print("subscribe multiple topics fail:%d" % rc)
    pass
    while True:
        a = input("你想要将什么数值传到阿里云上去？")
        # 调用数据上传的函数，将string类的a上传到阿里云上去
        rc, mid = lk.publish_topic(lk.to_full_topic("user/update"), str(a))
        if rc == 0:
            print("publish topic success:%r, mid:%r" % (rc, mid))
        else:
            print("publish topic fail:%d" % rc)

AMQP服务端

#
# encoding=utf-8
import sys
import logging
import time
from proton.handlers import MessagingHandler
from proton.reactor import Container
import hashlib
import hmac
import base64

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)

uid = '*******************************'
accessKey = '********************************'
accessSecret = *******************************************'
regionId = 'cn-shanghai'
consumerGroupId = 'DEFAULT_GROUP'
iotInstanceId = ""
clientId = "12345"


def current_time_millis():
    return str(int(round(time.time() * 1000)))


def do_sign(secret, sign_content):
    m = hmac.new(secret, sign_content, digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
    return base64.b64encode(m.digest())
class AmqpClient(MessagingHandler):
    def __init__(self):
        super(AmqpClient, self).__init__()

    def on_start(self, event):
        url = "amqps://" + uid + ".iot-amqp." + regionId + ".aliyuncs.com"
        signMethod = "hmacsha1"
        timestamp = current_time_millis()
        # 按照阿里云IoT规范，组装UserName。
        userName = clientId + '|authMode=aksign' + ',signMethod=' + signMethod + ',timestamp=' + timestamp + ',authId=' + accessKey  + ',iotInstanceId=' + iotInstanceId + ',consumerGroupId=' + consumerGroupId + '|'
        signContent = "authId=" + accessKey + "&timestamp=" + timestamp
        # 按照阿里云IoT规范，计算签名，组装password。
        passWord = do_sign(accessSecret.encode("utf-8"), signContent.encode("utf-8"))
        conn = event.container.connect(url, user=userName, password=passWord, heartbeat=60)
        self.receiver = event.container.create_receiver(conn)

    # 当连接成功建立被调用。
    def on_connection_opened(self, event):
        logger.info("Connection established, remoteUrl: %s", event.connection.hostname)

    # 当连接关闭时被调用。
    def on_connection_closed(self, event):
        logger.info("Connection closed: %s", self)

    # 当远端因错误而关闭连接时被调用。
    def on_connection_error(self, event):
        logger.info("Connection error")

    # 当建立AMQP连接错误时被调用，包括身份验证错误和套接字错误。
    def on_transport_error(self, event):
        if event.transport.condition:
            if event.transport.condition.info:
                logger.error("%s: %s: %s" % (
                    event.transport.condition.name, event.transport.condition.description,
                    event.transport.condition.info))
            else:
                logger.error("%s: %s" % (event.transport.condition.name, event.transport.condition.description))
        else:
            logging.error("Unspecified transport error")

    # 当收到消息时被调用。
    def on_message(self, event):
        message = event.message
        content = message.body.decode('utf-8')
        topic = message.properties.get("topic")
        message_id = message.properties.get("messageId")
        print("receive message: message_id=%s, topic=%s, content=%s" % (message_id, topic, content))
        event.receiver.flow(1)


Container(AmqpClient()).run()  

云端Api调用 给指定设备发送消息:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8

from aliyunsdkcore.client import AcsClient
from aliyunsdkcore.request import CommonRequest

uid = '**********************'
accessKey = '******************************'
accessSecret = '******************************'
regionId = 'cn-shanghai'
consumerGroupId = 'DEFAULT_GROUP'
iotInstanceId = ""
clientId = "12345"
DeviceName = "led1"
ProductKey = 'a1r2MPi95bL'
sendData = '1234'

client = AcsClient(accessKey, accessSecret, regionId)

request = CommonRequest()
request.set_accept_format('json')
request.set_domain('iot.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com')
request.set_method('POST')
request.set_protocol_type('https')  # https | http
request.set_version('2018-01-20')
request.set_action_name('RRpc')

request.add_query_param('RegionId', regionId)
request.add_query_param('DeviceName', DeviceName)
request.add_query_param('Timeout', "3000")
request.add_query_param('RequestBase64Byte', sendData)
request.add_query_param('ProductKey', ProductKey)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)
    # python2:  print(response)
    print(str(response, encoding='utf-8'))

相对比市场上众多的云产品,其实阿里的相对来说比较贵的,
我不是专门做物联网的,只是觉得以后可能会用到这些玩意,所以尝试了一些,
以后更多的,可能会在python 和树莓派上吧! 树莓派应该可以发挥出很牛逼的功能