freecodecamp JavaScript学习(三)

1. Make Object Properties Private
   -var 定义私有属性，方法， this定义公共属性，方法

var Car = function() {
  // this is a private variable
  var speed = 10;

  // these are public methods
  this.accelerate = function(change) {
    speed += change;
  };

  this.decelerate = function() {
    speed -= 5;
  };

  this.getSpeed = function() {
    return speed;
  };
};

2.Iterate over Arrays with map
-map函数迭代数组中的每个元素，并且有一个回调函数可以改变数组中的每个值，并且将改变的数组生成一个新的数组，并不影响原有的数组

var oldArray = [1,2,3,4,5];

// Only change code below this line.
var newArray = oldArray.map(function(val,index){
  if((index%2)===0){
    //the odd plus 3 
    return val+3;
  }else
    //the even plus 5
  {
    return val+5;
  }
});

var oldArray = [1, 2, 3];
var timesFour = oldArray.map(function(val){
  return val * 4;
});
console.log(timesFour); // returns [4, 8, 12]
console.log(oldArray);  // returns [1, 2, 3]

3.Condense arrays with reduce
MDN上的解释：reduce

• arr.reduce(callback, [initialValue])

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4].reduce(
  (accumulator, currentValue, currentIndex, array) => {
    return accumulator + currentValue;
  },
  10
);

var sum = [0, 1, 2, 3].reduce(function (a, b) {
  return a + b;
});
// sum is 6,无初始值，第一次调用时，acc=0,cur=1,即从第二个值开始

var total = [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ].reduce(
  ( acc, cur ) => acc + cur,
  10
);
// sum is 16 with initial value 10, 第一次调用时，acc=10,cur=0，有设初始值时，从数组第一个值开始

4.Filter Arrays with filter
-过滤数组

array = array.filter(function(val) {
  return val !== 5;
});
//将5从数组中清除，并不改变原有数组，产生一个新的数组

5.Sort Arrays with sort
MDN上sort的内容

arr.sort()
arr.sort(compareFunction)

-sort直接改变原有数组
-compareFunction(a,b), 当返回值大于0，则a在b的后面；当返回值<0,则a在b的前面
-当没有compareFunction时，按字符串格式比较大小，数字，大写字母，小写字母排序

6.Reverse Arrays with reverse
-将产生一个新的数组，并将改变原来的数组

var myArray = [1, 2, 3];
myArray.reverse();
//[3，2，1]

7.Concatenate Arrays with concat
-将一个数组直接和另一个数组连接，产生一个新的数组

var oldArray = [1,2,3];
var newArray = [];
var concatMe = [4,5,6];
newArray = oldArray.concat(concatMe);
//[1,2,3,4,5,6,]

8.Split Strings with split

var string = "Split me into an array";
var array = [];
array = string.split(' ');
//['Split','me','nto','an','array']

9.Join Strings with join

var joinMe = ["Split","me","into","an","array"];
var joinedString = '';
joinedString = joinMe.join(' ');
// "Split me into an array"