linux共享内存与信号量的使用

1、使用共享内存在两个进程中传值

2、使用信号量做同步控制。

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>

static int init_semvalue (int);
static void del_semvalue (int);
static int P (int);
static int V (int);

//自己定义的semun结构体
union semun
{
  int val;
  struct semid_ds *buf;
  unsigned short *array;
  struct seminfo *__buf;
};

int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int var_cri = 0;
  int sem_id;
  pid_t pid;

int *num;

  //创建一个信号量
  sem_id = semget ((key_t) 2234, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
  //初始化一个信号量
  if (!init_semvalue (sem_id))
    {
      fprintf (stderr, "Failed to initialize semaphore!\n");
      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
  //创建子进程
  if ((pid = fork ()) == 0) //子进程
    {
        int shid=shmget((key_t)654321,(size_t)4, 0600|IPC_CREAT);
        if(shid==-1)
        {
                perror("shmget");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        num=shmat(shid, NULL,0);
        if(num==NULL)
        {
                perror("shmat");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

      while (1)
    {
          //临界区
      if (!P (sem_id))//申请资源
        exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i != 10; ++i)
        {
          (*num)++;
          printf ("[child]: %d:%d\n", i,*num);
          sleep (1);
        }
      if (!V (sem_id))//释放资源
        exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    }
  else if (pid > 0)      //父进程
    {
        int shid=shmget((key_t)654321,(size_t)4, 0600|IPC_CREAT);
        if(shid==-1)
        {
                perror("shmget");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        num=shmat(shid, NULL,0);
        if(num==NULL)
        {
                perror("shmat");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
      sleep (1);
      while (1)
    {
          //临界区
      if (!P (sem_id))
        exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i != 10; ++i)
        {
          (*num)++;
          printf ("[parent]: %d:%d\n", i,*num);
          sleep (1);
        }
      if (!V (sem_id))
        exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
      sleep (8);
      //销毁信号量
      del_semvalue (sem_id);
    }
  exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}


static int
init_semvalue (int id)
{
  union semun sem_union;
  sem_union.val = 1;
  if (semctl (id, 0, SETVAL, sem_union) == -1)//设置信号量集中的信号量值value
    return (0);
  return (1);
}

static void
del_semvalue (int id)
{
  union semun sem_union;
  if (semctl (id, 0, IPC_RMID, sem_union) == -1)//IPC——RMID将信号量集从内存中删除
    fprintf (stderr, "Failed to delete semaphore\n");
}

int
P (int id)
{
  struct sembuf op;

  op.sem_num = 0;//单信号
  op.sem_op = -1;//P操作
  op.sem_flg = 0;
  if (semop (id, &op, 1) < 0)//改变key,它代表进程要使用的某个资源
    return 0;
  return 1;
}

int
V (int id)
{
  struct sembuf op;

  op.sem_num = 0;
  op.sem_op = 1;//V操作
  op.sem_flg = 0;
  if (semop (id, &op, 1) < 0)
    return 0;
  return 1;
}