判定一个点是否在三角形内

判定一个点是否在三角形内

如何判定一个点P是否存在于指定的三角形ABC内，这肯定是一个简单的问题，本文仅用一个图形界面程序展示了该问题，有兴趣的朋友可以看看。(2008.07.24最后更新)

在此处使用一种常见且简便的方法：如果三角形PAB，PAC和PBC的面积之和与三角形ABC的面积相等，即可判定点P在三角形ABC内(包括在三条边上)。
可知，该方法的关键在于如何计算三角形的面积。幸运地是，当知道三角形顶点(A，B和C)的坐标((Ax, Ay)，(Bx, By)和(Cx, Cy))之后，即可计算出其面积：

S  = |(Ax * By + Bx * Cy + Cx * Zy - Ay * Bx - By * Cx - Cy * Ax) /  2|

关键的代码如下，

//  由给定的三个顶点的坐标，计算三角形面积。
//  Point(java.awt.Point)代表点的坐标。
private   static   double  triangleArea(Point pos1, Point pos2, Point pos3) {
     double  result  =  Math.abs((pos1.x  *  pos2.y  +  pos2.x  *  pos3.y  +  pos3.x  *  pos1.y
             -  pos2.x  *  pos1.y  -  pos3.x  *  pos2.y  -  pos1.x  *  pos3.y)  /   2.0D );
     return  result;
}

//  判断点pos是否在指定的三角形内。
private   static   boolean  inTriangle(Point pos, Point posA, Point posB,
        Point posC) {
     double  triangleArea  =  triangleArea(posA, posB, posC);
     double  area  =  triangleArea(pos, posA, posB);
    area  +=  triangleArea(pos, posA, posC);
    area  +=  triangleArea(pos, posB, posC);
     double  epsilon  =   0.0001 ;   //  由于浮点数的计算存在着误差，故指定一个足够小的数，用于判定两个面积是否(近似)相等。
     if  (Math.abs(triangleArea  -  area)  <  epsilon) {
         return   true ;
    }
     return   false ;
}

执行该应用程序，用鼠标在其中点击三次，即可绘制一个三角形，如下组图所示：

然后仅需移动鼠标，就会出现一个空心圆圈。如果圆圈的中心在三角内(包含在三条边上)，则圆圈显示为红色；否则，显示为蓝色。如下组图所示：


完整代码如下：

public   class  CanvasPanel  extends  JPanel {

     private   static   final   long  serialVersionUID  =   - 6665936180725885346L ;

     private  Point firstPoint  =   null ;

     private  Point secondPoint  =   null ;

     private  Point thirdPoint  =   null ;

     public  CanvasPanel() {
        setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        addMouseListener(mouseAdapter);
        addMouseMotionListener(mouseAdapter);
    }

     public   void  paintComponent(Graphics g) {
         super .paintComponent(g);
        drawTriangel(g);
    }

     private   void  drawTriangel(Graphics g) {
         if  (firstPoint  !=   null   &&  secondPoint  !=   null ) {
            g.drawLine(firstPoint.x, firstPoint.y, secondPoint.x, secondPoint.y);
             if  (thirdPoint  !=   null ) {
                g.drawLine(firstPoint.x, firstPoint.y, thirdPoint.x, thirdPoint.y);
                g.drawLine(secondPoint.x, secondPoint.y, thirdPoint.x, thirdPoint.y);
            }
        }
    }

     private   static   boolean  inTriangle(Point pos, Point posA, Point posB,
            Point posC) {
         double  triangeArea  =  triangleArea(posA, posB, posC);
         double  area  =  triangleArea(pos, posA, posB);
        area  +=  triangleArea(pos, posA, posC);
        area  +=  triangleArea(pos, posB, posC);
         double  epsilon  =   0.0001 ;
         if  (Math.abs(triangeArea  -  area)  <  epsilon) {
             return   true ;
        }
         return   false ;
    }

     private   static   double  triangleArea(Point pos1, Point pos2, Point pos3) {
         double  result  =  Math.abs((pos1.x  *  pos2.y  +  pos2.x  *  pos3.y  +  pos3.x  *  pos1.y
                            -  pos2.x  *  pos1.y  -  pos3.x  *  pos2.y  -  pos1.x  *  pos3.y)  /   2.0D );
         return  result;
    }

     private  MouseInputAdapter mouseAdapter  =   new  MouseInputAdapter() {

         public   void  mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
            Point pos  =  e.getPoint();
             if  (firstPoint  ==   null ) {
                firstPoint  =  pos;
            }  else   if  (secondPoint  ==   null ) {
                secondPoint  =  pos;
                Graphics g  =  CanvasPanel. this .getGraphics();
                CanvasPanel. this .paintComponent(g);
                g.drawLine(firstPoint.x, firstPoint.y, secondPoint.x, secondPoint.y);
            }  else   if  (thirdPoint  ==   null ) {
                thirdPoint  =  pos;
                Graphics g  =  CanvasPanel. this .getGraphics();
                CanvasPanel. this .paintComponent(g);
                g.drawLine(firstPoint.x, firstPoint.y, secondPoint.x, secondPoint.y);
                g.drawLine(firstPoint.x, firstPoint.y, thirdPoint.x, thirdPoint.y);
                g.drawLine(secondPoint.x, secondPoint.y, thirdPoint.x, thirdPoint.y);
            }
        }

         public   void  mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
            Point pos  =  e.getPoint();
            Graphics2D g2  =  (Graphics2D) CanvasPanel. this .getGraphics();
            CanvasPanel. this .paintComponent(g2);
             if  (firstPoint  !=   null   &&  secondPoint  ==   null ) {
                g2.drawLine(firstPoint.x, firstPoint.y, pos.x, pos.y);
            }  else   if  (firstPoint  !=   null   &&  secondPoint  !=   null &&  thirdPoint  ==   null ) {
                g2.drawLine(firstPoint.x, firstPoint.y, pos.x, pos.y);
                g2.drawLine(secondPoint.x, secondPoint.y, pos.x, pos.y);
            }  else   if  (firstPoint  !=   null   &&  secondPoint  !=   null &&  thirdPoint  !=   null ) {
                 if  (inTriangle(pos, firstPoint, secondPoint, thirdPoint)) {
                    g2.setColor(Color.RED);
                }  else  {
                    g2.setColor(Color.BLUE);
                }
                 int  radius  =   4 ;
                g2.drawOval(pos.x  -  radius, pos.y  -  radius, radius  *   2 , radius  *   2 );
            }
        }
    };
}

public   class  Triangle  extends  JFrame {

     private   static   final   long  serialVersionUID  =   1L ;

     private  CanvasPanel mainPanel  =   null ;

     public  Triangle() {
        setTitle( " Triangle " );
        setSize( new  Dimension( 300 ,  200 ));
        setResizable( false );

        init();

        Container container  =  getContentPane();
        container.add(mainPanel);

        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible( true );
    }

     private   void  init() {
        mainPanel  =   new  CanvasPanel();
    }

     public   static   void  main(String[] args) {
         new  Triangle();
    }
}

还可参见一篇英文文章：   http://www.blackpawn.com/texts/pointinpoly/default.html         好文章  ;-)