Linux 文件管理-基础知识-文件拷贝-【cp】复制文件

cp = copy 

需要了解的基础知识

拷贝一个文件，文件的权限，文件的属主|属组，文件的大小，文件的位置，文件的内容，文件的硬链接，文件的inode会如何变化？

Linux下的文件都有哪些信息组成？

Linix下通过什么工具去查看一个信息？

 

CP命令操作手册翻译版

 

参数	长参数	类型	释义
-a	--archive		此选项通常在复制目录时使用，它保留链接、文件属性，并复制目录下的所有内容。其作用等于dpR参数组合
	--attributes-only		只拷贝属性，不拷贝内容，文件的size，属主，属组，权限会因环境上下文而改变
	--backup=backupmodel[simple,t|numbered,never]		备份文件，simple模式会删除前一次存储的备份，新建一个全新的备份文件，t|numbered 如果第一次备份会为备份名，第二次备份会在末尾先增加~，大于第二次的备份名后缀为增加~N-2~
-b			等同于cp --backup=t
	--copy-contents
-d			复制时保留链接。即软连接依然会被拷贝为一个软连接
-f	--force		覆盖已经存在的目标文件而不给出提示
-i	--interactive(互动,交互式的)		与-f选项相反，在覆盖目标文件之前给出提示，要求用户确认是否覆盖，回答"y"时目标文件将被覆盖
-H
-l	--link		不复制文件，只是生成链接文件，建立硬链接
-L	--dereference
-n	--no-clobber		不要覆盖已存在的文件
-P	--no-dereference
-p			除复制文件的内容外，还把修改时间和访问权限也复制到新文件中
	--preserve[=ATTR_LIST]
-c  已过期
	--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST
	--parents		复制前在目标目录创建来源文件路径中的所有目录
-R, -r	--recursive		若给出的源文件是一个目录文件，此时将复制该目录下所有的子目录和文件
	--reflink[=WHEN]
	--remove-destination		尝试打开目标文件前先删除已存在的目的地 文件 (等同于 --force 选项)
	--sparse=WHEN
	--strip-trailing-slashes		删除参数中所有源文件/目录末端的斜杠
-s	--symbolic-link		拷贝一个文件时，无论这个文件时源文件，还是软连接都会被拷贝为一个软连接
-S	--suffix=SUFFIX		自定义文件备份的后缀
-t	--target-directory=DIRECTORY		把选中的文件copy到该目录中，格式：copy -t target_dir file_1 file_n
-T	--no-target-directory
-u	--update
-v	--verbose		显示命令执行的详细信息
-x	--one-file-system

CP 命令操作手册原文版

CP(1)                                                       User Commands                                                      CP(1)

NAME
       cp - copy files and directories

SYNOPSIS
       cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
       cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
       cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...

DESCRIPTION
       Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -a, --archive
              same as -dR --preserve=all

       --attributes-only
              don't copy the file data, just the attributes

       --backup[=CONTROL]
              make a backup of each existing destination file

       -b     like --backup but does not accept an argument

       --copy-contents
              copy contents of special files when recursive

       -d     same as --no-dereference --preserve=links

       -f, --force
              if  an  existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again (this option is ignored when the -n option
              is also used)

       -i, --interactive
              prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n option)

       -H     follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE

       -l, --link
              hard link files instead of copying

       -L, --dereference
              always follow symbolic links in SOURCE

       -n, --no-clobber
              do not overwrite an existing file (overrides a previous -i option)

       -P, --no-dereference
              never follow symbolic links in SOURCE

       -p     same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps

       --preserve[=ATTR_LIST]
              preserve the specified attributes (default: mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible  additional  attributes:  context,
              links, xattr, all

       -c     deprecated, same as --preserve=context

       --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST
              don't preserve the specified attributes

       --parents
              use full source file name under DIRECTORY

       -R, -r, --recursive
              copy directories recursively

       --reflink[=WHEN]
              control clone/CoW copies. See below

       --remove-destination
              remove each existing destination file before attempting to open it (contrast with --force)

       --sparse=WHEN
              control creation of sparse files. See below

       --strip-trailing-slashes
              remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument

       -s, --symbolic-link
              make symbolic links instead of copying

       -S, --suffix=SUFFIX
              override the usual backup suffix

       -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY
              copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY

       -T, --no-target-directory
              treat DEST as a normal file

       -u, --update
              copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing

       -v, --verbose
              explain what is being done

       -x, --one-file-system
              stay on this file system

       -Z     set SELinux security context of destination file to default type

       --context[=CTX]
              like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the SELinux or SMACK security context to CTX

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       By  default,  sparse  SOURCE  files are detected by a crude heuristic and the corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well.
       That is the behavior selected by --sparse=auto.  Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST  file  whenever  the  SOURCE
       file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.  Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.

       When  --reflink[=always]  is  specified, perform a lightweight copy, where the data blocks are copied only when modified.  If
       this is not possible the copy fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy.

       The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.  The version control method may be  selected  via
       the --backup option or through the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable.  Here are the values:

       none, off
              never make backups (even if --backup is given)

       numbered, t
              make numbered backups

       existing, nil
              numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise

       simple, never
              always make simple backups

       As  a  special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same
       name for an existing, regular file.

       GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> Report cp  translation  bugs  to  <http://translationpro‐
       ject.org/team/>
 Manual page cp(1) line 87 (press h for help or q to quit)

CP命令操作实践

cp -a 【完全拷贝文件|目录(递归)除Inode的所有属性】

此选项通常在复制目录时使用，它保留链接、文件属性，并复制目录下的所有内容。其作用等于dpR参数组合

cp -f 强制覆盖已存在的文件

cp --attributes-only 只拷贝属性[权限，属组，属主受限于上下文]

cp --backup 备份文件【权限属组和属组受限于拷贝的上下文】

cp -b 等同于cp --backup=t

copy -l 复制文件生产硬链接

copy -s 拷贝文件为软连接

copy -S 自定义文件备份的后缀

copy -t copy 文件到指定目录

命令格式：copy -t target_dir file_1 file_n