目录
注解
什么是注解
package com.study.annotation;
//何为注释
public class Test01 extends Object{
//@Override 重写的注释
@Override
public String toString() {
return super.toString();
}
}
内置注解
package com.study.annotation;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Test01 extends Object{
//@Override 重写的注释
@Override
public String toString() {
return super.toString();
}
//Deprecated 不推荐程序员使用，但是可以使用，或者存在更好的方法！
@Deprecated
public static void test(){
System.out.println("Deprecated");
}
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public static void test02(){
List list = new ArrayList();
System.out.println("SuppressWarnings");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test();
}
}
元注解
package com.study.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
public class Test02 {
public void test(){ }
}
//定义一个注解
//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在那些地方
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
//Retention 表示我们的注解在什么地方有效
//runtime>class>source
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented 表示是否将我们的注解生成JavaDoc中
@Documented
//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation{
}
自定义注解
package com.study.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
//自定义注解
public class Test03 {
//注解可以显示赋值，如果没有默认值，我们就必须给注解赋值~
@MyAnnotation2(age=18,name="张三")
public void Test(){}
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
//注解的参数：参数类型 + 参数名（）；
String name() default "";
int age();
int id() default -1;
String[] schools() default {"清华大学","北京大学"};
}
静态语言VS动态语言
反射
什么是反射
反射机制
package com.study.reflection;
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//通过反射机制获取类的class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.study.reflection.User");
System.out.println(c1);
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.study.reflection.User");
Class c3 = Class.forName("com.study.reflection.User");
Class c4 = Class.forName("com.study.reflection.User");
//一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
//一个类被加载后，类的整个结构就会被封装在Class对象中。
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
}
}
//实体类：pojo entity
class User{
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
运行结果：
class com.study.reflection.User 460141958 460141958 460141958
反射的优缺点
Class类
Class类的常用方法
获取Class类的实例
package com.study.reflection;
//测试class类的创建方式有哪些
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person perosn = new Student();
System.out.println("这个人是"+perosn.name);
//方式一：通过对象获得
Class c1 = perosn.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//方式二：forname获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.study.reflection.Student");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//方式三：通过类名.class获得
Class c3 = Student.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//方式四：基本内置类型中包装类都有一个Type属性
Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c4);
//获得父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);
}
}
class Person{
String name;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Student extends Person{
public Student() {
this.name = "学生";
}
}
class Teacher extends Person{
public Teacher() {
this.name = "老师";
}
}
运行结果：
这个人是学生 460141958 460141958 460141958 int class com.study.reflection.Person
Class对象
package com.study.reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
public class Test04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class c1 = Object.class;//类
Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
Class c4 = String[][].class;//二维数组
Class c5 = Override.class;//注解
Class c6 = ElementType.class;//枚举
Class c7 = Integer.class;//基本数据类型
Class c8 = void.class;//void
Class c9 = Class.class;//Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
//只要元素类型与维度一致，就是同一Class
int[] a = new int[10];
int[] b = new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());
}
}
运行结果：
class java.lang.Object interface java.lang.Comparable class [Ljava.lang.String; class [[Ljava.lang.String; interface java.lang.Override class java.lang.annotation.ElementType class java.lang.Integer void class java.lang.Class 460141958 460141958
内存分析
package com.study.reflection;
public class Test05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(A.m);
/*
* 1。加载到内存，会产生一个类对应的Classdx
* 2.链接，链接结束后m=0
* 3.初始化
* <clinit>(){
* System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
m = 100;
* }
* */
}
}
class A{
static {
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
}
static int m =100;
public A() {
System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");
}
}
运行结果：
A类静态代码块初始化 A类的无参构造初始化 100
类初始化
package com.study.reflection;
public class Test06 {
static {
System.out.println("Main类被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//1.主动引用
//Son son = new Son();
//反射也会产生主动引用
//Class.forName("com.study.reflection.Son");
//不会产生类的引用的方法
System.out.println(Son.m);//m为Father类的变量
//Son[] sons = new Son[5];
//System.out.println(Son.N);
}
}
class Father{
static int m =100;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载");
m = 300;
}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
n = 300;
}
static int n =100;
static final int N = 1;
}
运行结果：
Main类被加载 父类被加载 300
类加载器
package com.study.reflection;
public class Test07 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展类加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取拓展类加载器的父类加载器-->根加载器（C/C++）
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1);
//测试当前类是哪个类加载器加载的
ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("com.study.reflection.Test07").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
//测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
ClassLoader classLoader1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader1);
//如何获取系统类加载器可以加载的路径
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
/*
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jce.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\resources.jar;
* D:\JDK8\jdk1.8\jre\lib\rt.jar;
* D:\OnlineStudy\Annotation\out\production\Annotation;
* D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2021.1.1\lib\idea_rt.jar
* */
//双亲委派机制
//如：java.path.String-->
}
}
类的完整结构
package com.study.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test08 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.study.reflection.User");
//User user = new User();
//c1 = user.getClass();
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName());//获得包名 + 类名
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获得类名
//获得类的属性
System.out.println("===============================");
Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();//找到全部属性
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
//获得指定属性的值
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
System.out.println(name);
//获得类的方法
System.out.println("===============================");
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("正常的：" + method);
}
methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类的所有方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods：" + method);
}
//获得指定方法
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
//获得指定的构造器
System.out.println("===============================");
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("#"+constructor);
}
//获得指定的构造器
Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println("指定：" + declaredConstructor);
}
}
Class对象
package com.study.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test09 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
//获得Class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.study.reflection.User");
//构造一个对象
User user = (User) c1.newInstance();//本质是调用了类的无参构造器
System.out.println(user);
//通过构造器创建对象
Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
User user2 = (User)constructor.newInstance("张三",001,18);
System.out.println(user2);
//通过反射调用普通方法
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
//通过反射获取一个方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
//invoke:激活的意思
//{对象，”方法的值“}
setName.invoke(user3,"张三");
System.out.println(user3.getName());
//通过反射操作属性
User user4 = (User)c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
//不能直接操作私有属性，我们需要关闭程序的安全检测，属性或者方法的name.setAccessible(true);
name.setAccessible(true);
name.set(user4,"李四");
System.out.println(user4);
}
}
setAccessible(true)方法
性能对比分析
package com.study.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Member;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test10 {
public static void test01(){
User user = new User();
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000_000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方法执行10亿次：" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
//反射方法调用
public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName",null);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000_000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方法执行10亿次：" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
//反射方式调用 关闭检测
public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName",null);
getName.setAccessible(true);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000_000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("关闭检测执行10亿次：" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
test01();
test02();
test03();
}
}
运行结果：
普通方法执行10亿次：3ms 反射方法执行10亿次：1644ms 关闭检测执行10亿次：1091ms
操作泛型
package com.study.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class Test11 {
public void test01(Map<String,User>map, List<User>list){
System.out.println("test01");
}
public Map<String ,User> test02(){
System.out.println("test02");
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = Test11.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
System.out.println("#" + genericParameterType);
if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
method = Test11.class.getMethod("test02", null);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
}
运行结果：
#java.util.Map<java.lang.String, com.study.reflection.User> class java.lang.String class com.study.reflection.User #java.util.List<com.study.reflection.User> class com.study.reflection.User class java.lang.String
获取注解信息
package com.study.reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class Test12 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.study.reflection.Student2");
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获得注解value的值
TableStudy tableStudy = (TableStudy)c1.getAnnotation(TableStudy.class);
String value = tableStudy.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获取类的注定注解
Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
FieldStudy annotation = f.getAnnotation(FieldStudy.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columname());
System.out.println(annotation.type());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
}
}
@TableStudy("db_student")
class Student2{
@FieldStudy(columname = "db_id",type = "int",length = 10)
private int id;
@FieldStudy(columname = "db_age",type = "int",length = 10)
private int age;
@FieldStudy(columname = "db_name",type = "varchar",length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2() {
}
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableStudy{
String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FieldStudy{
String columname();
String type();
int length();
}
运行结果：
@com.study.reflection.TableStudy(value=db_student) db_student db_name varchar 3
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