关于外键约束

1.MYISAM不支持外键约束，若需要添加外键约束，需设置engine=innodb

2.设置外键约束后，若此时在order_items添加一条关于orderid的数据，而此orderid在order中不存在，会提示can not add or update a row

[外键约束:即一个订单号不存在，那么订单里对应的物品也必然不在]

3若想支持级联删除或更新(即删除/更新订单里的所有物品 ,如delete from orders where orderid=1 ,会自动删除管理的物品)：alter table order_items drop foreign key fk_1

alter table order_items add constraint fk_1 foreign key(orderid) references orders(orderid) on delete cascade on update cascade

完整示例如下：

//一对多
create table orders(
    orderid int not null auto_increment,
    price float(6,2),
    primary key(orderid)
)engine=InnoDB;

insert into orders(price) values('100');

create table order_items(
    orderid int not null,
    isbn int(13) not null,
    num int not null,
    primary key(orderid,isbn),
    constraint fk_1 foreign key (orderid) references orders(orderid) on delete cascade on update cascade
)engine=InnoDB;
insert into order_items(orderid,isbn,num) values(1,'123456',2);

//多对多
create table customers(
	customerid int not null auto_increment,
    address varchar(10),
    primary key(customerid)
)engine=innodb;

insert into customers(address) values('shanghai');
create table order_customer(
	orderid int not null,
    customerid int not null,
    primary key(orderid,customerid),
    constraint c1 foreign key(orderid) references orders(orderid),
    constraint c2 foreign key(customerid) references customers(customerid)
)engine=innodb;

补充说明：

约束种类：

1.NOT NULL

2.PRIMARY KEY

3.FOREIGN KEY

4.CHECK     CHECK(price >10)

5.DEFAULT  DEFAULT price ‘10’