第二章 Immutable

背景介绍：Immutable类能保证实例状态绝不会改变，如String，可以利用该类省去使用共享互斥机制所浪费的时间

public final class Person {
    private final String name;
    private final String address;//换成StringBuffer无法保证不变性
    public Person(String name, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "[ Person: name = " + name + ", address = " + address + " ]";
    }
}

public class PrintPersonThread extends Thread {
    private Person person;
    public PrintPersonThread(Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " prints " + person);
        }
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person alice = new Person("Alice", "Alaska");
        new PrintPersonThread(alice).start();
        new PrintPersonThread(alice).start();
        new PrintPersonThread(alice).start();
    }
}

public class Line {
    private final Point startPoint;
    private final Point endPoint;
    public Line(int startx, int starty, int endx, int endy) {
        this.startPoint = new Point(startx, starty);
        this.endPoint = new Point(endx, endy);
    }
    public Line(Point startPoint, Point endPoint) {
        this.startPoint = new Point(startPoint.x, startPoint.y);//此时可保证Line里面Point不变或者将Point类设为Immutable类型
        this.endPoint = new Point(endPoint.x, endPoint.y);//this.endPoint=endPoint;错误，不能保证Point不变
    }
    public int getStartX() { return startPoint.x; }
    public int getStartY() { return startPoint.y; }
    public int getEndX() { return endPoint.x; }
    public int getEndY() { return endPoint.y; }
    public String toString() {
        return "[ Line: " + startPoint + "-" + endPoint + " ]";
    }
}

public final class ImmutablePerson {
    private final String name;
    private final String address;
    public ImmutablePerson(String name, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
    }
    //别的线程会创建Persion改变name、address的值，需加上synchronized(person)
    public ImmutablePerson(MutablePerson person) {
        this.name = person.getName();
        this.address = person.getAddress();
    }
    public MutablePerson getMutablePerson() {
        return new MutablePerson(this);
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "[ ImmutablePerson: " + name + ", " + address + " ]";
    }
}