Android layout_weight体验(实现按比例显示)

原文： http://www.cnblogs.com/zhmore/archive/2011/11/04/2236514.html

  在android开发中LinearLayout很常用，LinearLayout的内控件的android:layout_weight在某些场景显得非常重要，比如我们需要按比例显示。android并没用提供table这样的控件，虽然有TableLayout，但是它并非是我们想象中的像html里面的table那么好用，我们常用ListView实现table的效果，但是列对齐确比较麻烦，现在用LinearLayout及属性android:layout_weight能很好地解决。下面我们共同体验下layout_weight这个属性。

一、LinearLayout内的控件的layout_width设置为"wrap_content"，请看一下xml配置：   

< LinearLayout
             android:orientation ="horizontal"
             android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_weight ="1"
          >
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="wrap_content"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="1"
                     android:background ="#aa0000"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="1" />
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="wrap_content"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="2"
                     android:background ="#00aa00"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="1" />
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="wrap_content"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="3"
                     android:background ="#0000aa"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="1" />
     </ LinearLayout >

效果图：

可以看到这三个TextView是按照1:2:3的比例进行显示的，这样看来似乎可以实现按照比例显示了，但是有个问题，如果TextView内的文本长度一同那么较长文本的TextView会宽度会有所增加，见下面配置及效果：

< LinearLayout
             android:orientation ="horizontal"
             android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_weight ="1" >
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="wrap_content"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="1"
                     android:background ="#aa0000"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111" />
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="wrap_content"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="2"
                     android:background ="#00aa00"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="2" />
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="wrap_content"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="3"
                     android:background ="#0000aa"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="3" />
     </ LinearLayout >

效果：

这样看来我们所需要的按比例又无法实现了，经过满天地google终于找到了解决方案，就是设置layout_width设置为"wrap_content"。配置及效果见下：

< LinearLayout
             android:orientation ="horizontal"
             android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_weight ="1" >
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="0dp"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="1"
                     android:background ="#aa0000"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111" />
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="0dp"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="2"
                     android:background ="#00aa00"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="2" />
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="0dp"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="3"
                     android:background ="#0000aa"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="3" />
     </ LinearLayout >

效果：

这样终于达到我们的按比例显示的效果了，感觉很是奇怪，android开发框架的大佬们有时候设计确实有点匪夷所思。

　　二、LinearLayout内的控件的layout_width设置为"fill_parent"，请看一下xml配置：

< LinearLayout
             android:orientation ="horizontal"
             android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_weight ="1" >
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="1"
                     android:background ="#aa0000"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="1" />
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="2"
                     android:background ="#00aa00"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="2" />
     </ LinearLayout >

效果如下：

奇怪吧，整个宽度平分3块，第一个TextView占了两块，这样看来weight值越小的优先级越大。只有两个TextView似乎看出些道理，那么让我们看看三个是什么效果：

< LinearLayout
             android:orientation ="horizontal"
             android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
             android:layout_weight ="1" >
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="1"
                     android:background ="#aa0000"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="1" />
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="2"
                     android:background ="#00aa00"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="2" />
             < TextView
                     android:layout_width ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_height ="fill_parent"
                     android:layout_weight ="3"
                     android:background ="#0000aa"
                     android:gravity ="center"
                     android:text ="3" />
     </ LinearLayout >

效果：

什么意思？第三个TextView丢掉了，很是奇怪，让我们再试一个，把weight分别改为2,3,4的看看效果：

这个效果让人很困惑，我一直想寻求出一个确切的比例公式，但是至今未找到。有哪位大神能搞定的话忘不吝赐教。

虽然这个android:layout_weight属性很怪异，但幸运的是我们达到了目标：

　　按比例显示LinearLayout内各个子控件，需设置android:layout_width="0dp"，如果为竖直方向的设置android:layout_height="0dp"。在这种情况下某子个控件占用LinearLayout的比例为：本控件weight值 / LinearLayout内所有控件的weight值的和。