泛型的边界

 java泛型的边界：在运行时，泛型被擦除，类型为原始类型。

1. <T>中类型的丢失

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class TypeTest {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//泛型中的类型String,Integer在
		Class<?> c1 = new ArrayList<String>().getClass();
		Class<?> c2 = new ArrayList<Integer>().getClass();
		System.out.println(c1 == c2);  //true
	}
	
}

//output
true

2. 复杂点的例子：应用泛型后仍需使用强制类型转换

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.Arrays;

@SuppressWarnings("hiding")
public class ArrayMaker<T> {
	
	private Class<T> kind;

	public ArrayMaker(Class<T> kind) {
		this.kind = kind;
	}
	
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	T[] create(int size) {
		//此处Array.newInstance()方法返回的是Object,必须转型；说明期望的泛型没有起任何作用
		return (T[]) Array.newInstance(kind, size);
	}
	
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	T[] create(T t, int size) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
		//此处Array.newInstance()方法返回的是Object,必须转型；说明期望的泛型没有起任何作用
		T[] ts = (T[]) Array.newInstance(kind, size);
		//注意：此处仍能保证放入T[]的类型为T
		for(int i=0; i<ts.length; i++) {
			ts[i] = t;
//			ts[i] = new Object();  //Type mismatch: cannot convert from Object to T
		}
		return ts;
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ArrayMaker<String> StrsMaker = new ArrayMaker<String>(String.class);
		String[] strsArray = StrsMaker.create(10);
		String[] strsArray2 = StrsMaker.create("AA", 10);
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(strsArray));
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(strsArray2));
		
	}
}

//output
[null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null]
[AA, AA, AA, AA, AA, AA, AA, AA, AA, AA]