emp SQL语句

- 子查询
CREATE TABLE emp(
    empno        INT,
    ename        VARCHAR(50),
    job        VARCHAR(50),
    mgr        INT,
    hiredate    DATE,
    sal        DECIMAL(7,2),
    comm        DECIMAL(7,2),
    deptno        INT
) ;

INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,'1980-12-17',800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-20',1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-22',1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,'1981-04-02',2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-28',1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,'1981-05-01',2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,'1981-06-09',2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,'1987-04-19',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1981-11-17',5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-08',1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,'1987-05-23',1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,'1981-12-03',950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,'1981-12-03',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1982-01-23',1300,NULL,10);

CREATE TABLE dept(
    deptno        INT,
    dname        VARCHAR(14),
    loc        VARCHAR(13)
);

INSERT INTO dept VALUES(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO dept VALUES(40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');

-- 单行子查询(> < >= <= = <>)
    -- 查询出高于10号部门的平均工资的员工信息
SELECT *FROM  emp WHERE sal>(SELECT AVG(sal)FROM  emp WHERE deptno=10);
-- 多行子查询(in  not in any all)
    -- 查询出比10号部门任何员工薪资高的员工信息
SELECT *FROM  emp WHERE sal>(SELECT MAX(sal) FROM  emp WHERE deptno=10);
-- 多列子查询(实际使用较少)
    -- 和10号部门同名同工作的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE (ename,job) IN (SELECT ename,job FROM emp WHERE deptno=10) AND deptno !=10;
-- select 后面接子查询    
    -- 获取员工的名字和部门的名字
SELECT ename,(SELECT dname FROM dept d WHERE d.deptno = e.deptno ) 部门名称 FROM emp e ;
-- from 后面接子查询
    -- 查询emp表中经理信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE job='MANAGER';
-- where 后面接子查询    
    -- 薪资高于10号部门平均工资的所有员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal > (SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp WHERE deptno=10);
-- group by 后面接子查询
    -- 有哪些部门的平均工资高于30号部门的平均工资
SELECT deptno, AVG(sal) FROM emp GROUP BY deptno HAVING AVG(sal) > (SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp WHERE deptno=30);
    
-- 工资>JONES工资
select * from emp WHERE sal >(select sal from emp where ename='JONES');
-- 查询与SCOTT同一个部门的员工
select * from emp WHERE deptno =(select deptno from emp where ename='SCOTT');
-- 工资高于30号部门所有人的员工信息
SELECT *FROM  emp WHERE sal>(SELECT MAX(sal) FROM  emp WHERE deptno=30);
-- 查询工作和工资与MARTIN完全相同的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE (job,sal) IN (SELECT job,sal FROM emp WHERE ename LIKE 'MARTIN') AND ename NOT LIKE 'MARTIN';
-- 有两个以上直接下属的员工信息
SELECT *FROM emp e JOIN (SELECT mgr,COUNT(mgr) as COUNT FROM emp GROUP BY mgr ) a on e.empno=a.mgr AND a.COUNT>2
-- 查询员工编号为7788的员工名称,员工工资,部门名称,部门地址
SELECT ename,job,dname,loc FROM emp e JOIN dept d ON e.deptno=d.deptno and empno=7788;

- SQL查询的综合案例
1. 查询出高于本部门平均工资的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal>(SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp)
2. 列出达拉斯加工作的人中,比纽约平均工资高的人
SELECT * FROM emp e JOIN dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno AND sal>(SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp e JOIN dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno AND loc='NEW YORK') AND loc='DALLAS';
3. 查询7369员工编号,姓名,经理编号和经理姓名
SELECT a.empno,a.ename,a.mgr,e.ename FROM emp e JOIN (SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno=7369) as a on e.empno=a.mgr;
4. 查询出各个部门薪水最高的员工所有信息
SELECT MAX(sal)FROM emp e GROUP BY deptno;
#### 面试题

CREATE TABLE test(
NAME CHAR(20),
kecheng CHAR(20),
fenshu CHAR(20)
);

INSERT INTO test VALUES('张三','语文',81),
('张三','数学',75),
('李四','语文',76),
('李四','数学',90),
('王五','语文',81),
('王五','数学',82);

请用一条Sql语句查处分数大于80的学生
SELECT*FROM test WHERE fenshu>80;