Volley的用法

为了使用Volley，你必须添加android.permission.INTERNET权限到你的manifest文件中。没有这个权限，你的app将无法访问网络。

使用Volley，一般为三步骤：

1. 创建一个RequestQueue对象。

2. 创建一个Request实现类对象。

3. 将Request实现类对象添加到RequestQueue里面。

Volley中Request的实现类默认有StringRequest,JsonObjectRequest,JsonArrayRequest,ImageRequest。就拿StringRequest来说：

rq = Volley.newRequestQueue(this);      //第一步，创建一个RequestQueue对象
        //第二步，创建一个StringRequest对象，下面为get请求方式
        StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest("http://www.baidu.com", new Response.Listener<String>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(String response) {
                text.setText(response);
//                rq.stop();  //如果你仅仅是想做一个单次的请求并且不想要线程池一直保留,调用RequestQueue的stop方法。
            }
        }, new Response.ErrorListener() {
            @Override
            public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {

            }
        });
        stringRequest.addMarker("baidu-look");  //添加stringRequest生命周期的观察
        stringRequest.setTag("baidu");
        rq.add(stringRequest);

//        stringRequest.cancel(); //请求取消，一般在activity的onstop中调用
//        rq.cancelAll("baidu");  //请求队列取消有baidu这个tag的请求，一般在activity的onstop中调用。

效果图：

一个RequestQueue需要两部分来支持它的工作：一部分是网络操作，用来传输请求，另外一个是用来处理缓存操作的Cache。在Volley的工具箱中包含了标准的实现方式：DiskBasedCache提供了每个文件与对应响应数据一一映射的缓存实现。 BasicNetwork提供了一个网络传输的实现，连接方式可以是AndroidHttpClient或者是 HttpURLConnection.

BasicNetwork是Volley默认的网络操作实现方式。一个BasicNetwork必须使用HTTP Client进行初始化。这个Client通常是AndroidHttpClient 或者 HttpURLConnection:

• 对于app target API level低于API 9(Gingerbread)的使用AndroidHttpClient。在Gingerbread之前，HttpURLConnection是不可靠的。对于这个的细节，请参考Android's HTTP Clients。
• 对于API Level 9以及以上的，使用HttpURLConnection。

下面的代码片段演示了如何一步步建立一个RequestQueue:

RequestQueue mRequestQueue;

// Instantiate the cache
Cache cache = new DiskBasedCache(getCacheDir(), 1024 * 1024); // 1MB cap

// Set up the network to use HttpURLConnection as the HTTP client.
Network network = new BasicNetwork(new HurlStack());

// Instantiate the RequestQueue with the cache and network.
mRequestQueue = new RequestQueue(cache, network);

// Start the queue
mRequestQueue.start();

开启Request的生命周期观察，使用request. addMarker( )方法。并在命令行中：

• $adb shell
• $setprop log.tag.Volley VERBOSE
• logcat

如上例中：

08-04 09:59:49.383    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (2040 ms) [ ] http://www.baidu.com 0x101be397 NORMAL 1
08-04 09:59:49.383    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+0   ) [ 1] baidu-look
08-04 09:59:49.388    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+1   ) [ 1] add-to-queue
08-04 09:59:49.389    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+223 ) [1056] cache-queue-take
08-04 09:59:49.391    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+0   ) [1056] cache-miss
08-04 09:59:49.393    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+0   ) [1058] network-queue-take
08-04 09:59:49.395    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+93  ) [1058] network-http-complete
08-04 09:59:49.397    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+4   ) [1058] network-parse-complete
08-04 09:59:49.402    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+0   ) [1058] post-response
08-04 09:59:49.404    2478-2478/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+1719) [ 1] done

如果我们调用request.cancel()方法，也就是取消请求，其log输出：

08-04 10:22:25.067    3252-3252/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (37   ms) com.android.volley.Request$1@41a88d10
08-04 10:22:25.069    3252-3252/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+0   ) [ 1] baidu-look
08-04 10:22:25.070    3252-3252/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+0   ) [ 1] add-to-queue
08-04 10:22:25.071    3252-3252/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+1   ) [1083] cache-queue-take
08-04 10:22:25.072    3252-3252/com.example.volleytest D/Volley﹕ [1] MarkerLog.finish: (+36  ) [1083] cache-discard-canceled

在开发中，我们一般定义一个全局的单例RequestQueue。一个关键的概念是RequestQueue必须和Application context所关联的。而不是Activity的context。这确保了RequestQueue在你的app生命周期中一直存活，而不会因为activity的重新创建而重新创建RequestQueue。(例如，当用户旋转设备时)。

public class MySingleton {
    private static MySingleton mInstance;
    private RequestQueue mRequestQueue;
    private static Context mCtx;

    private MySingleton(Context context) {
        mCtx = context;
        mRequestQueue = getRequestQueue();

    }

    public static synchronized MySingleton getInstance(Context context) {
        if (mInstance == null) {
            mInstance = new MySingleton(context);
        }
        return mInstance;
    }

    public RequestQueue getRequestQueue() {
        if (mRequestQueue == null) {
            // getApplicationContext() is key, it keeps you from leaking the
            // Activity or BroadcastReceiver if someone passes one in.
            mRequestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(mCtx.getApplicationContext());
        }
        return mRequestQueue;
    }

    public <T> void addToRequestQueue(Request<T> req) {
        getRequestQueue().add(req);
    }


}

自定义Request：GsonRequest

public class GsonRequest<T> extends Request<T> {
    private final Gson gson = new Gson();
    private final Class<T> clazz;
    private final Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
    private final Map<String,String> postParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
    private final Response.Listener<T> listener;

    /*
     * 设置访问自己服务器时必须传递的参数，密钥等
     */
    {
        headers.put("APP-Key", "LBS-AAA");
        headers.put("APP-Secret", "ad12msa234das232in");
    }

    /**
     * Make a GET request and return a parsed object from JSON.
     *
     * @param url URL of the request to make
     * @param clazz Relevant class object, for Gson's reflection
     * @param headers Map of request headers
     */
    public GsonRequest(int method,String url, Class<T> clazz, Map<String, String> headers,Map<String, String> postParams,
                       Response.Listener<T> listener, Response.ErrorListener errorListener) {
        super(method, url, errorListener);
        this.clazz = clazz;
        if(headers != null) {
            this.headers.putAll(headers);
        }
        if(postParams != null) {
            this.postParams.putAll(postParams);
        }
        this.listener = listener;
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, String> getHeaders() throws AuthFailureError {
        String message = "";
        Iterator iter = headers.entrySet().iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iter.next();
            String key = (String) entry.getKey();
            String val = (String) entry.getValue();
            message += key + "=" + val + "&";
        }
        if(headers.size() != 0){
            message = message.substring(0,message.length()-1);
        }
        L.d("Headers",message);
        return headers != null ? headers : super.getHeaders();
    }

    @Override
    protected Map<String, String> getParams() throws AuthFailureError {
        String message = "";
        Iterator iter = postParams.entrySet().iterator();
        while (iter.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iter.next();
            String key = (String) entry.getKey();
            String val = (String) entry.getValue();
            message += key + "=" + val + "&";
        }
        if(postParams.size() != 0){
            message = message.substring(0,message.length()-1);
        }
        L.d("PostParams",message);
        return postParams != null ? postParams : super.getParams();
    }

    @Override
    protected void deliverResponse(T response) {
        listener.onResponse(response);
    }

    @Override
    protected Response<T> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
        try {
            String json = new String(
                    response.data,
                    HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
            return Response.success(
                    gson.fromJson(json, clazz),
                    HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
        } catch (JsonSyntaxException e) {
            return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
        }
    }
}

主要就是重写parseNetworkResponse方法和deliverResponse方法。参照JsonObjectRequest来写。如果是post方式提交数据，就会调用getParams（）来提交参数，getHeaders（）方法是任何Request都会调用。getParams()和getHeaders（）加log是方便排错。

Activity中代码：

 rq = Volley.newRequestQueue(this);

        HashMap<String,String> postParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
        postParams.put("param1","value1");
        postParams.put("param2", "value2");
        GsonRequest<User> gsonRequest = new GsonRequest<User>(Request.Method.POST,
                "http://192.168.1.100:8080/demo/WeatherServlet", User.class,
               null ,postParams , new Response.Listener<User>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(User response) {
                text.setText(response.getName());
            }
        }, new Response.ErrorListener() {
            @Override
            public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
                text.setText(error.getMessage());
            }
        });
        gsonRequest.addMarker("gson-request");
        gsonRequest.setShouldCache(false);  //不缓存
        rq.add(gsonRequest);

服务器中的Servlet代码：

public class WeatherServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public WeatherServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String json = "{'name':'kedou','password':'123456'}";
		
		response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().write(json);;
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

这里仅仅只是输出一个json的字符串。

activity中是post方式提交，log信息：

08-04 15:55:17.141  12816-12841/com.example.volleytest D/Headers﹕ APP-Secret=ad12msa234das232in&APP-Key=LBS-AAA
08-04 15:55:17.143  12816-12841/com.example.volleytest D/PostParams﹕ param1=value1&param2=value2

如果是get方式提交只会有Headers信息。

参考：1. Android Volley完全解析(四)，带你从源码的角度理解Volley

2.使用Volley传输网络数据

3.https://github.com/smanikandan14/Volley-demo中的说明

源码：http://yunpan.cn/cdjDJcINpnzXq （提取码：17bc）