什么是Netty
Netty 是一个基于 JAVA NIO 类库的异步通信框架,它的架构特点是:异步非阻塞、基于事件驱动、高性能、高可靠性和高可定制性。
Netty应用场景
1.分布式开源框架中dubbo、Zookeeper,RocketMQ底层rpc通讯使用就是netty(底层nio),底层协议都是用的tcp或udp协议。
2.游戏开发中,底层使用netty通讯。
为什么选择netty
在本小节,我们总结下为什么不建议开发者直接使用JDK的NIO类库进行开发的原因:
1) NIO的类库和API繁杂,使用麻烦,你需要熟练掌握Selector、ServerSocketChannel、SocketChannel、ByteBuffer等;
2) 需要具备其它的额外技能做铺垫,例如熟悉Java多线程编程,因为NIO编程涉及到Reactor模式,你必须对多线程和网路编程非常熟悉,才能编写出高质量的NIO程序;
3) 可靠性能力补齐,工作量和难度都非常大。例如客户端面临断连重连、网络闪断、半包读写、失败缓存、网络拥塞和异常码流的处理等等,NIO编程的特点是功能开发相对容易,但是可靠性能力补齐工作量和难度都非常大;
4) JDK NIO的BUG,例如臭名昭著的epoll bug,它会导致Selector空轮询,最终导致CPU 100%。官方声称在JDK1.6版本的update18修复了该问题,但是直到JDK1.7版本该问题仍旧存在,只不过该bug发生概率降低了一些而已,它并没有被根本解决。
package com.jinglitong.shop.controller;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelHandler;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
class ServerHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler {
/**
* 通道关闭的时候触发
*/
@Override
public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
System.out.println("channelClosed");
}
/**
* 必须是连接已经建立,关闭通道的时候才会触发.
*/
@Override
public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
System.out.println("channelDisconnected");
}
/**
* 捕获异常
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
System.out.println("exceptionCaught");
}
/**
* 接受消息
*/
public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
// System.out.println("messageReceived");
System.out.println("服务器端收到客户端消息:"+e.getMessage());
//回复内容
ctx.getChannel().write("好的");
}
}
// netty 服务器端
public class NettyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建服务类对象
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
// 创建两个线程池 分别为监听监听端口 ,nio监听
ExecutorService boos = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
// 设置工程 并把两个线程池加入中
serverBootstrap.setFactory(new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(boos, worker));
// 设置管道工厂
serverBootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
//将数据转换为string类型.
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
pipeline.addLast("serverHandler", new ServerHandler());
return pipeline;
}
});
// 绑定端口号
serverBootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9090));
System.out.println("netty server启动....");
}
}
package com.jinglitong.shop.controller;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelHandler;
import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioClientSocketChannelFactory;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
class ClientHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler {
/**
* 通道关闭的时候触发
*/
@Override
public void channelClosed(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
System.out.println("channelClosed");
}
/**
* 必须是连接已经建立,关闭通道的时候才会触发.
*/
@Override
public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
super.channelDisconnected(ctx, e);
System.out.println("channelDisconnected");
}
/**
* 捕获异常
*/
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
super.exceptionCaught(ctx, e);
System.out.println("exceptionCaught");
}
/**
* 接受消息
*/
public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
super.messageReceived(ctx, e);
// System.out.println("messageReceived");
System.out.println("服务器端向客户端回复内容:"+e.getMessage());
//回复内容
// ctx.getChannel().write("好的");
}
}
public class NettyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("netty client启动...");
// 创建客户端类
ClientBootstrap clientBootstrap = new ClientBootstrap();
// 线程池
ExecutorService boos = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ExecutorService worker = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
clientBootstrap.setFactory(new NioClientSocketChannelFactory(boos, worker));
clientBootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
// 将数据转换为string类型.
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
pipeline.addLast("clientHandler", new ClientHandler());
return pipeline;
}
});
//连接服务端
ChannelFuture connect = clientBootstrap.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9090));
Channel channel = connect.getChannel();
System.out.println("client start");
Scanner scanner= new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.println("请输输入内容...");
channel.write(scanner.next());
}
}
}