url编解码小记 (url_encode, url_decode)

原理：为了方便url传输过程中的可识别程度，主要分为两块进行，一块是可识别标准字符，一块是特殊字符及其它多字节， 对于可识别的不变动， 对于不可识别的只进行了转16进制操作再利用相应的规则进行拼接显示。

方法:

 

//URL编解码
inline unsigned char to_hex(const unsigned char &x)
{
  return x > 9 ? x + 55: x + 48;
}

inline unsigned char from_hex(const unsigned char &x)
{
  return isdigit(x) ? x-'0' : x-'A'+10;
}

inline std::string url_encode(const std::string &in )
{
  std::string out;
  for( size_t ix = 0; ix < in.size(); ix++ )
  {
    unsigned char buf[4];
    memset( buf, 0, 4 );
    if( isalnum( (unsigned char)in[ix] ) ){
     buf[0] = in[ix];
    } else {
     buf[0] = '%';
     buf[1] = to_hex( (unsigned char)in[ix] >> 4 );
     buf[2] = to_hex( (unsigned char)in[ix] % 16);
    }
    out += (char *)buf;
  }
  return out;
}

inline std::string url_decode(const std::string &in)
{
  std::string out;
  for( size_t ix = 0; ix < in.size(); ix++ )
  {
    unsigned char ch = 0;
    if(in[ix]=='%')
    {
     ch = (from_hex(in[ix+1])<<4);
     ch |= from_hex(in[ix+2]);
     ix += 2;
    } else {
     ch = in[ix];
    }
    out += (char)ch;
  }
  return out;
}