java动态代理

jdk动态代理

• 目标接口和实现类

public interface UserService {
    void save();
}

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("save user");
    }
}

• 代理类

public class ProxyInvocation implements InvocationHandler {
    private Object target;

    public UserService getProxy() {
        return (UserService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(Thread.currentThread()
                        .getContextClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(),
                this);
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("before invoke");
        Object object = method.invoke(target, args);
        System.out.println("after invoke");
        return object;
    }

    public ProxyInvocation() {
    }

    public ProxyInvocation(Object target) {
        this.target = target;
    }
}

• 测试

  @org.junit.Test
    public void test(){
        UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
        ProxyInvocation proxyInvocation = new ProxyInvocation(userService);
        proxyInvocation.getProxy().save();
    }

• 测试结果

  before invoke
  save user
  after invoke

• 过程分析

  1. 进入newProxyInstance方法
  2. 进入Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs)
  3. 进入proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces)
  4. 看到这里Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter))查看apply代码,就可以看到反射生成class对象了.
     

@CallerSensitive
    public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,Class<?>[] interfaces,InvocationHandler h)
        throws IllegalArgumentException{

        Objects.requireNonNull(h);

        final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
        }

       //获取代理对象字节码
        Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);

        try {
            if (sm != null) {
                checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
            }
            //获取代理对象的构造器
            final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
            final InvocationHandler ih = h;
            if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                    public Void run() {
                        cons.setAccessible(true);
                        return null;
                    }
                });
            }
           //通过构造器生成代理对象实例
            return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
        } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Throwable t = e.getCause();
            if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) t;
            } else {
                throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        }
    }

 private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
                                           Class<?>... interfaces) {
        if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
        }

        // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
        // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
        // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
        //优先从缓存获取class
        return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
    }

public V get(K key, P parameter) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);

        expungeStaleEntries();

        Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);

        // lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey
        ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);
        if (valuesMap == null) {
            ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
                = map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
                                  valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
            if (oldValuesMap != null) {
                valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
            }
        }

        // create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
        // subKey from valuesMap
        //如果不存在则新建
        Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
        Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
        Factory factory = null;

        while (true) {
            if (supplier != null) {
                // supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance
                V value = supplier.get();
                if (value != null) {
                    return value;
                }
            }
            // else no supplier in cache
            // or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue
            // or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue)

            // lazily construct a Factory
            if (factory == null) {
                factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);
            }

            if (supplier == null) {
                supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
                if (supplier == null) {
                    // successfully installed Factory
                    supplier = factory;
                }
                // else retry with winning supplier
            } else {
                if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
                    // successfully replaced
                    // cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory
                    // with our Factory
                    supplier = factory;
                } else {
                    // retry with current supplier
                    supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
                }
            }
        }
    }

private static final class ProxyClassFactory
        implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
    {
        // prefix for all proxy class names
        private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";

        // next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
        private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();

        @Override
        public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {

            Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                /*
                 * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
                 * interface to the same Class object.
                 */
                Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
                try {
                   //终于看到熟悉的反射创建class对象
                    interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                }
                if (interfaceClass != intf) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        intf + " is not visible from class loader");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that the Class object actually represents an
                 * interface.
                 */
                if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
                 */
                if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
                }
            }

            String proxyPkg = null;     // package to define proxy class in
            int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;

            /*
             * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
             * proxy class will be defined in the same package.  Verify that
             * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
             */
            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
                int flags = intf.getModifiers();
                if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
                    accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
                    String name = intf.getName();
                    int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                    String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
                    if (proxyPkg == null) {
                        proxyPkg = pkg;
                    } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "non-public interfaces from different packages");
                    }
                }
            }

            if (proxyPkg == null) {
                // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
                proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
            }

            /*
             * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
             */
            long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
            String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;

            /*
             * Generate the specified proxy class.
             */
            byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
                proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
            try {
                return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
                                    proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
            } catch (ClassFormatError e) {
                /*
                 * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
                 * proxy class generation code) there was some other
                 * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
                 * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
                 * exceeded).
                 */
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
            }
        }
    }

cglib代理

• 目标接口和实现类

public interface UserService {
    void save();
}

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("save user");
    }
}

• 代理类

public class ProxyCglib implements MethodInterceptor{
    @Override
    public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("before");
        methodProxy.invokeSuper(o, objects);
        System.out.println("after");
        return null;
    }
}

• 测试

@org.junit.Test
    public void test(){
        ProxyCglib proxyCglib = new ProxyCglib();
        Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
        enhancer.setSuperclass(UserServiceImpl.class);
        enhancer.setCallback(proxyCglib);
        UserService userService= (UserService) enhancer.create();
        userService.save();
    }

这里只是简单地展示了cglib的用法,实际上cglib能做的远远不止如此,待看springaop源码的时候再来深究.

• 测试结果
  

  before
  save user
  after

两者的不同点

• JDK动态代理只能对实现了接口的类生成代理，而不能针对类
• CGLIB是针对类实现代理，主要是对指定的类生成一个子类，覆盖其中的方法
• 因为是继承，所以该类或方法最好不要声明成final
• 在使用spring来管理事物的时候,如果采用jdk动态代理的话注解可以加在接口或者实现类上面,采用cglib动态代理的话只能加在实现类上面.

最后是关于动态代理一些博客推荐

• Spring AOP 实现原理与 CGLIB 应用
• 深入浅出 cglib，打造无入侵的类代理
• JDK动态代理实现原理
• CGlib使用笔记
• Java动态代理机制详解（JDK 和CGLIB，Javassist，ASM）

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