Cucumber java + Webdriver (4) 使用自动化测试的Page对象模式

在BaiduSearchStepfs.java 文件中，我们可看到都是直接用driver对页面进行操作。对于我们刚开始学习来说，这样没问题。但是随着项目的运行，页面多了以后。我们写的用例也多了以后，当开发改变某个页面元素后，那我们需要修改代码的工作量将是非常多。所以如果我们能够用Page模式来管理各个页面，那后面页面元素有改变的话，我们只需要改下具体某个页面的Eelement就可以了

1、创建一个类来启动driver

写一个类，用于启动并设置driver各个属性等

在目录test的子目录cucumber下新建utl目录,并在该目录下新建一个类SharedDriver.java

在类SharedDriver.java输入下面内容：

import com.cucumber.config.ConfigManager;
import cucumber.api.Scenario;
import cucumber.api.java.After;
import cucumber.api.java.Before;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.events.EventFiringWebDriver;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class SharedDriver extends EventFiringWebDriver {
    private static WebDriver REAL_DRIVER = null;
    private static final Thread CLOSE_THREAD = new Thread() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            REAL_DRIVER.close();
        }
    };

    static {
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(CLOSE_THREAD);
        ConfigManager config = new ConfigManager();

        DesiredCapabilities browser = null;

        if ("firefox".equalsIgnoreCase(config.get("browser"))) {
            browser = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
        } else {
            browser = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
        }
        browser.setJavascriptEnabled(true);

        try {

            REAL_DRIVER = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(config.get("selenium_server_url")), browser);
        } catch (MalformedURLException exceptions) {

        }
    }

    public SharedDriver () {
        super(REAL_DRIVER);
        REAL_DRIVER.manage().window().maximize();
        REAL_DRIVER.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
        if (Thread.currentThread() != CLOSE_THREAD) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("You shouldn't close this WebDriver. It's shared and will close when the JVM exits.");
        }
        super.close();
    }

    @Before
    public void deleteAllCookies() {
        REAL_DRIVER.manage().deleteAllCookies();
    }

    @After
    public void embedScreenshot(Scenario scenario) {
        try {
            byte[] screenshot = getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
            scenario.embed(screenshot, "image/png");

        } catch (WebDriverException somePlatformsDontSupportScreenshots) {
            System.err.println(somePlatformsDontSupportScreenshots.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

上面代码要引用另外一个类ConfigManager.java ,该类用来查找一些配置等
在目录test的子目录cucumber下新建config目录,并在该目录下新建一个类ConfigManager.java

在类ConfigManager.java输入下面内容：

public class ConfigManager {

    private static Properties defaultProperties = null;

    static {
        defaultProperties = new Properties();
        try {
            defaultProperties.load(new FileReader("config/default.properties"));
            File customConfigFile = new File("config/custom.properties");
            if (customConfigFile.exists()) {
                defaultProperties.load(new FileReader(customConfigFile));
            }
        } catch (IOException exception) {
            System.err.println("未找到配置文件");
        }

        if (!defaultProperties.isEmpty()) {
            for (Object key : defaultProperties.keySet()) {
                if (System.getProperty((String)key) != null) {
                    defaultProperties.setProperty((String)key, System.getProperty((String)key));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public ConfigManager() {
    }

    public String get(String key) {
        return defaultProperties.getProperty(key);
    }
}

之后在项目下，新建目录config，并创建两个文件custom.properties（自己用的配置文件，可以随意修改） 和 default.properties（可以留作后面团队整体运行测试时用）

两个文件的内容可以一样,如下所示

selenium_server_url = http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub
browser = chrome

base_path = http://www.baidu.com

2、创建一个Page来封装百度首页

在目录main下新建一个目录com, 并在该目录下新建一个类BaiduHome_page.java。该类用来封装百度首页

在类BaiduHome_page.java输入下面内容：

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class BaiduHome_page {

    public WebDriver driver;

    public BaiduHome_page(WebDriver driver){
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }

    //百度logo
    @FindBy(xpath="//div[@id='lg']/img")
    public WebElement ElementBaiduLogo;

    //输入框
    @FindBy(id="kw")
    public WebElement ElementBaiduInput;

    //按钮 查询一下
    @FindBy(id="su")
    public WebElement ElementSubmit;


    //获取当前页面面包屑信息 预约订单
    public String getPageTitle(){
        return driver.getTitle();
    }

    // 输入查询内容，并点击查询按钮
    public void enterSearch(String searchText){
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,30);
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(ElementBaiduInput));
        ElementBaiduInput.clear();
        ElementBaiduInput.sendKeys(searchText);
        ElementSubmit.click();
    }

    // 输入查询内容，并点击查询按钮
    public void submit(){
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,30);
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(ElementSubmit));
        ElementSubmit.click();
    }
}

3、修改类BaiduSearchStepfs.java

修改类BaiduSearchStepfs.java，内容如下所示：

import com.BaiduHome_page;
import com.cucumber.config.ConfigManager;
import com.cucumber.utl.SharedDriver;
import cucumber.api.java.en.And;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Then;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;


import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class BaiduSearchStepfs {

    private final WebDriver driver;
    private final ConfigManager config;
    private final BaiduHome_page baiduHome_page;
    private static String baseUrl;

    public BaiduSearchStepfs(SharedDriver driver, ConfigManager config, BaiduHome_page baiduHome_page) {
        this.driver = driver;
        this.config = config;
        this.baiduHome_page = baiduHome_page;
    }

    @Given("^Go to baidu home$")
    public void go_to_baidu_home() throws Exception {
        baseUrl = this.config.get("base_path");
        this.driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        this.driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        this.driver.navigate().to(baseUrl);

    }

    @When("^I find baidu logo")
    public WebElement i_find_baidu_logo() {
        WebElement element = this.baiduHome_page.ElementBaiduLogo;
        return element;
    }

    @And("^Type the search text \"([^\"]*)\"$")
    public void type_the_search_text(String searchText) throws Throwable {
        this.baiduHome_page.enterSearch(searchText);
    }

    @And("^Click the submit$")
    public void click_the_submit() {
        this.baiduHome_page.submit();
    }

    @Then("^Wait the query result")
    public void wait_the_query_result() throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(10000);    //后面可以用显示等待或者隐示等待来优化代码
        Assert.assertEquals("selenium_百度搜索", this.baiduHome_page.getPageTitle());
    }
}

4、运行程序

注意：上面我们是使用RemoteWebDriver，所以需要启动Selenium Standalone Server服务

到官网http://www.seleniumhq.org/download/，下载Selenium Standalone Server，并下载chromedriver.exe,放到指定的目录

通过命令行形式启动 Remote Webdriver服务器端
java  -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe –jar selenium-server-standalone-2.53.0.jar
上述命令需要注意文件路径要写对，并可保存到start.bat文件中，以后每次双击即可启动Remote Webdriver服务器端

然后运行程序，运行结束后查看日志，一切正常，如下图所示