C++ 智能指针

智能指针 shared_ptr

有引用计数，故会出现循环依赖问题。

#include <iostream>
#include <memory> // 智能指针头文件引入

class Person {
public:
    ~Person() {
        std::cout << "this is ~Person(). " << std::endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    // 堆区开辟
    Person * p1 = new Person();
    Person * p2 = new Person();

    // 之前  如果忘记了，就没法释放
//    delete p1;
//    delete p2;

    // 现在 智能指针
    std::shared_ptr<Person> sharedPtr1(p1);
    std::shared_ptr<Person> sharedPtr2(p2);

    std::cout << "sharedPtr1引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 1
    std::cout << "sharedPtr2引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 1

    return 0;
}

循环引用问题

#include <iostream>
#include <memory> // 智能指针头文件引入

class Person2;

class Person1 {
public:
    std::shared_ptr<Person2> person2;
    ~Person1() {
        std::cout << "this is ~Person1(). " << std::endl;
    }
};
class Person2 {
public:
    std::shared_ptr<Person1> person1;
    ~Person2() {
        std::cout << "this is ~Person2(). " << std::endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    // 堆区开辟
    Person1 * p1 = new Person1();
    Person2 * p2 = new Person2();

    std::shared_ptr<Person1> sharedPtr1(p1);
    std::shared_ptr<Person2> sharedPtr2(p2);


    std::cout << "sharedPtr1引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 1
    std::cout << "sharedPtr2引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 1

    // 智能指针赋值
    p1->person2 = sharedPtr2;
    p2->person1 = sharedPtr1;

    std::cout << "sharedPtr1引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 2
    std::cout << "sharedPtr2引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 2

    return 0;
}

智能指针 weak_ptr

没有引用计数，故不会出现循环依赖问题。

#include <iostream>
#include <memory> // 智能指针头文件引入

class Person2;

class Person1 {
public:
    std::weak_ptr<Person2> person2;
    ~Person1() {
        std::cout << "this is ~Person1(). " << std::endl;
    }
};
class Person2 {
public:
    std::weak_ptr<Person1> person1;
    ~Person2() {
        std::cout << "this is ~Person2(). " << std::endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    // 堆区开辟
    Person1 * p1 = new Person1();
    Person2 * p2 = new Person2();

    std::shared_ptr<Person1> sharedPtr1(p1);
    std::shared_ptr<Person2> sharedPtr2(p2);


    std::cout << "sharedPtr1引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 1
    std::cout << "sharedPtr2引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 1

    // 智能指针赋值
    p1->person2 = sharedPtr2;
    p2->person1 = sharedPtr1;

    std::cout << "sharedPtr1引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 1
    std::cout << "sharedPtr2引用次数： " << sharedPtr1.use_count() << std::endl; // 1

    return 0;
}

智能指针 unique_ptr

#include <iostream>
#include <memory> // 智能指针头文件引入

class Person {
public:
    ~Person() {
        std::cout << "this is ~Person(). " << std::endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    // 堆区开辟
    Person * p1 = new Person();
    Person * p2 = new Person();

    std::unique_ptr<Person> uniquePtr1(p1);
    std::unique_ptr<Person> uniquePtr2(p2);

    // 不允许，报错
//    std::unique_ptr<Person> uniquePtr3 = uniquePtr2;

    return 0;
}