Ubuntu中利用GNUPLOT画NS3产生的数据

一 直接使用Gnuplot工具

以NS3自带的例子程为例来说明。

进行NS安装目录，下面有/examples/tutorial目录下，有一个拥塞窗口的例子 fifth.cc

cd NS3/
cd ns-allinone-3.25/
cd ns-3.25
./waf --run examples/tutorial/fifth  >fifth.dat 2>&1

则在后台完成对fifth.cc的运行并把结果存在ns-3.25目录下的fifth.dat中

解释:

> 表示输出重定向。

>fifth.dat  把执行的结果存入到文件。一般情况下，输出重定向到当前屏幕，>fifth.dat表示输出重定向到该文件。

2>&1 在shell中,文件描述符通常是:STDIN,STDOUT,STDERR,即:0,1,2,

&表示在后台执行， 2>&1 表示，把错误信息stderr也放到stdout中输出.

在dat所在目录下进入GNUPLOT

gnuplot
set terminal png size 640,480
set output "fifth.png"
plot "fifth.dat" using 1:2 title "Congestion Window" with linespoints

会发现在ns-3.25目录下产生fifth.png图

解释：

set termianl  png   //设置输出图片格式，如png,gif,jpg等

set size  width,height  //设备图片宽度，高度

set output "图片名称"  //设置保存图片名称。

 

 

plot  title  "标题名"   //设置图片标题名称，一般用英文，有时不支持中文字符

plot "数据.dat"  using 1:2 with linespoints   //把数据文件"数据.dat"输出图像， using 1:2,使用第1,2列数据输出.

with linespoints //点用符号，点与点之间用线连接

 

a   plot "数据.dat"     //只输出数据点

b   plot "数据.dat" with lines   //把点连起来，成线。

c   plot "数据.dat" with linespoints  //点用符号，点与点之间用线连接

d   plot 'file.dat' using 1:3 with linespoints   //使用1,3列绘图

e   plot 'file.dat' using 1:($3/2) with linespoints  //使用第一列与第三列的二分之一绘图

二 NS3自带的Gnuplot类作为中间接口间接调用Gnuplot工具

NS3为了能生成gnuplot图，提供了2个和gnuplot相关的类，包含在头文件"ns3/gnuplot.h"中：

1 Gnuplot类：是NS3与gnuplot工具之间的接口，其功能包括：设置文件名，设置坐标，设置标题，添加数据集合，生成最终文件具体见Doxygen。

2 GnuplotDataset类：一个数据集合，存储数据供gnuplot使用，是一个抽象基类，派生了4大类：Gnuplot2dDataset   Gnuplot2dFunction    Gnuplot3dDataset   Gnuplot3dFunction

使用NS3提供的类画图过程：

i 仿真代码加入Gnuplot类及其函数;

ii 运行代码，生成Gnuplot控制文件;

iii 使用Gnuplot控制文件调用Gnuplot工具

使用example/tutorial/gnuplot-example.cc举例如下：

#include <fstream>

#include "ns3/gnuplot.h"

using namespace ns3;

namespace {

//===========================================================================
// Function: Create2DPlotFile
//
//
// This function creates a 2-D plot file.
//===========================================================================

void Create2DPlotFile ()
{
  std::string fileNameWithNoExtension = "plot-2d";//没有扩展名的文件名
  std::string graphicsFileName        = fileNameWithNoExtension + ".png";//图片文件名
  std::string plotFileName            = fileNameWithNoExtension + ".plt";//Gnuplot控制文件名
  std::string plotTitle               = "2-D Plot";//图片标题
  std::string dataTitle               = "2-D Data";//数据标题

  // Instantiate the plot and set its title.
  Gnuplot plot (graphicsFileName);
  plot.SetTitle (plotTitle);

  // Make the graphics file, which the plot file will create when it
  // is used with Gnuplot, be a PNG file.
  plot.SetTerminal ("png");//设置图片格式

  // Set the labels for each axis.
  plot.SetLegend ("X Values", "Y Values");//设置坐标标签

  // Set the range for the x axis.
  plot.AppendExtra ("set xrange [-6:+6]");

  // Instantiate the dataset, set its title, and make the points be
  // plotted along with connecting lines.
  Gnuplot2dDataset dataset;
  dataset.SetTitle (dataTitle);
  dataset.SetStyle (Gnuplot2dDataset::LINES_POINTS);//线型

  double x;
  double y;

  // Create the 2-D dataset.
  for (x = -5.0; x <= +5.0; x += 1.0)
    {
      // Calculate the 2-D curve
      // 
      //            2
      //     y  =  x   .
      //  
      y = x * x;//图形函数

      // Add this point.
      dataset.Add (x, y);//向对象数据添加坐标点
    }

  // Add the dataset to the plot.
  plot.AddDataset (dataset);//把数据对象添加到gnuplot对象

  // Open the plot file.
  std::ofstream plotFile (plotFileName.c_str());

  // Write the plot file.
  plot.GenerateOutput (plotFile);

  // Close the plot file.
  plotFile.close ();
}


//===========================================================================
// Function: Create2DPlotWithErrorBarsFile
//
//
// This function creates a 2-D plot with error bars file.
//===========================================================================

void Create2DPlotWithErrorBarsFile ()
{
  std::string fileNameWithNoExtension = "plot-2d-with-error-bars";
  std::string graphicsFileName        = fileNameWithNoExtension + ".png";
  std::string plotFileName            = fileNameWithNoExtension + ".plt";
  std::string plotTitle               = "2-D Plot With Error Bars";
  std::string dataTitle               = "2-D Data With Error Bars";

  // Instantiate the plot and set its title.
  Gnuplot plot (graphicsFileName);
  plot.SetTitle (plotTitle);

  // Make the graphics file, which the plot file will create when it
  // is used with Gnuplot, be a PNG file.
  plot.SetTerminal ("png");

  // Set the labels for each axis.
  plot.SetLegend ("X Values", "Y Values");

  // Set the range for the x axis.
  plot.AppendExtra ("set xrange [-6:+6]");

  // Instantiate the dataset, set its title, and make the points be
  // plotted with no connecting lines.
  Gnuplot2dDataset dataset;
  dataset.SetTitle (dataTitle);
  dataset.SetStyle (Gnuplot2dDataset::POINTS);//点型

  // Make the dataset have error bars in both the x and y directions.
  dataset.SetErrorBars (Gnuplot2dDataset::XY);

  double x;
  double xErrorDelta;
  double y;
  double yErrorDelta;

  // Create the 2-D dataset.
  for (x = -5.0; x <= +5.0; x += 1.0)
    {
      // Calculate the 2-D curve
      // 
      //            2
      //     y  =  x   .
      //  
      y = x * x;

      // Make the uncertainty in the x direction be constant and make
      // the uncertainty in the y direction be a constant fraction of
      // y's value.
      xErrorDelta = 0.25;
      yErrorDelta = 0.1 * y;

      // Add this point with uncertainties in both the x and y
      // direction.
      dataset.Add (x, y, xErrorDelta, yErrorDelta);
    }

  // Add the dataset to the plot.
  plot.AddDataset (dataset);

  // Open the plot file.
  std::ofstream plotFile (plotFileName.c_str());

  // Write the plot file.
  plot.GenerateOutput (plotFile);

  // Close the plot file.
  plotFile.close ();
}


//===========================================================================
// Function: Create3DPlotFile
//
//
// This function creates a 3-D plot file.
//===========================================================================

void Create3DPlotFile ()
{
  std::string fileNameWithNoExtension = "plot-3d";
  std::string graphicsFileName        = fileNameWithNoExtension + ".png";
  std::string plotFileName            = fileNameWithNoExtension + ".plt";
  std::string plotTitle               = "3-D Plot";
  std::string dataTitle               = "3-D Data";

  // Instantiate the plot and set its title.
  Gnuplot plot (graphicsFileName);
  plot.SetTitle (plotTitle);

  // Make the graphics file, which the plot file will create when it
  // is used with Gnuplot, be a PNG file.
  plot.SetTerminal ("png");

  // Rotate the plot 30 degrees around the x axis and then rotate the
  // plot 120 degrees around the new z axis.
  plot.AppendExtra ("set view 30, 120, 1.0, 1.0");

  // Make the zero for the z-axis be in the x-axis and y-axis plane.
  plot.AppendExtra ("set ticslevel 0");

  // Set the labels for each axis.
  plot.AppendExtra ("set xlabel \"X Values\"");
  plot.AppendExtra ("set ylabel \"Y Values\"");
  plot.AppendExtra ("set zlabel \"Z Values\"");

  // Set the ranges for the x and y axis.
  plot.AppendExtra ("set xrange [-5:+5]");
  plot.AppendExtra ("set yrange [-5:+5]");

  // Instantiate the dataset, set its title, and make the points be
  // connected by lines.
  Gnuplot3dDataset dataset;
  dataset.SetTitle (dataTitle);
  dataset.SetStyle ("with lines");

  double x;
  double y;
  double z;

  // Create the 3-D dataset.
  for (x = -5.0; x <= +5.0; x += 1.0)
    {
    for (y = -5.0; y <= +5.0; y += 1.0)
	{
	  // Calculate the 3-D surface
	  // 
	  //            2      2
	  //     z  =  x   *  y   .
	  //  
	  z = x * x * y * y;

	  // Add this point.
	  dataset.Add (x, y, z);
	}

    // The blank line is necessary at the end of each x value's data
    // points for the 3-D surface grid to work.
    dataset.AddEmptyLine ();
    }

  // Add the dataset to the plot.
  plot.AddDataset (dataset);

  // Open the plot file.
  std::ofstream plotFile (plotFileName.c_str());

  // Write the plot file.
  plot.GenerateOutput (plotFile);

  // Close the plot file.
  plotFile.close ();
}

} // anonymous namespace


int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  // Create a 2-D plot file.
  Create2DPlotFile();

  // Create a 2-D plot with error bars file.
  Create2DPlotWithErrorBarsFile();

  // Create a 3-D plot file.
  Create3DPlotFile();

  return 0;
}

把它复制到scratch目录下，

运行例子：

./waf --run scratch/gnuplot-example

会在安装目录ns3-3.25下存在以下gnuplot控制文件：

plot-2d.plt
plot-2d-with-error-bars.plt
plot-3d.plt

直接使用gnuplot处理这些控制文件：

 gnuplot plot-2d.plt
gnuplot plot-2d-with-error-bars.plt
gnuplot plot-2d-with-error-bars.plt

会产生这些图形文件：

plot-2d.png
plot-2d-with-error-bars.png
plot-3d.png

实际上，这只是利用例程里给定函数如y=x*x产生的数据进而画图，而实际应用中要选择需要统计的网络数据放在相应的gnuplot数据对象里即可。