NS3 seventh.cc为例说明Probe< 一>

之所以选择example/tutorial里的seven.cc，是因为在统计数据画图时，不仅仅存在常有的Trace机制如ASCII trace file和PCAP文件，还存在利用GNUPLOT Helper和File Helper实现。具有代表意义。

#include <fstream>
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/stats-module.h"

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("SeventhScriptExample");

// ===========================================================================
//
//         node 0                 node 1
//   +----------------+    +----------------+
//   |    ns-3 TCP    |    |    ns-3 TCP    |
//   +----------------+    +----------------+
//   |    10.1.1.1    |    |    10.1.1.2    |
//   +----------------+    +----------------+
//   | point-to-point |    | point-to-point |
//   +----------------+    +----------------+
//           |                     |
//           +---------------------+
//                5 Mbps, 2 ms
//
//
// We want to look at changes in the ns-3 TCP congestion window.  We need
// to crank up a flow and hook the CongestionWindow attribute on the socket
// of the sender.  Normally one would use an on-off application to generate a
// flow, but this has a couple of problems.  First, the socket of the on-off
// application is not created until Application Start time, so we wouldn't be
// able to hook the socket (now) at configuration time.  Second, even if we
// could arrange a call after start time, the socket is not public so we
// couldn't get at it.
//
// So, we can cook up a simple version of the on-off application that does what
// we want.  On the plus side we don't need all of the complexity of the on-off
// application.  On the minus side, we don't have a helper, so we have to get
// a little more involved in the details, but this is trivial.
//
// So first, we create a socket and do the trace connect on it; then we pass
// this socket into the constructor of our simple application which we then
// install in the source node.
// ===========================================================================
//
class MyApp : public Application
{
public:
  MyApp ();
  virtual ~MyApp ();

  /**
   * Register this type.
   * \return The TypeId.
   */
  static TypeId GetTypeId (void);
  void Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, DataRate dataRate);

private:
  virtual void StartApplication (void);
  virtual void StopApplication (void);

  void ScheduleTx (void);
  void SendPacket (void);

  Ptr<Socket>     m_socket;
  Address         m_peer;
  uint32_t        m_packetSize;
  uint32_t        m_nPackets;
  DataRate        m_dataRate;
  EventId         m_sendEvent;
  bool            m_running;
  uint32_t        m_packetsSent;
};

MyApp::MyApp ()
  : m_socket (0),
    m_peer (),
    m_packetSize (0),
    m_nPackets (0),
    m_dataRate (0),
    m_sendEvent (),
    m_running (false),
    m_packetsSent (0)
{
}

MyApp::~MyApp ()
{
  m_socket = 0;
}

/* static */
TypeId MyApp::GetTypeId (void)
{
  static TypeId tid = TypeId ("MyApp")
    .SetParent<Application> ()
    .SetGroupName ("Tutorial")
    .AddConstructor<MyApp> ()
    ;
  return tid;
}

void
MyApp::Setup (Ptr<Socket> socket, Address address, uint32_t packetSize, uint32_t nPackets, DataRate dataRate)
{
  m_socket = socket;
  m_peer = address;
  m_packetSize = packetSize;
  m_nPackets = nPackets;
  m_dataRate = dataRate;
}

void
MyApp::StartApplication (void)
{
  m_running = true;
  m_packetsSent = 0;
  if (InetSocketAddress::IsMatchingType (m_peer))
    {
      m_socket->Bind ();
    }
  else
    {
      m_socket->Bind6 ();
    }
  m_socket->Connect (m_peer);
  SendPacket ();
}

void
MyApp::StopApplication (void)
{
  m_running = false;

  if (m_sendEvent.IsRunning ())
    {
      Simulator::Cancel (m_sendEvent);
    }

  if (m_socket)
    {
      m_socket->Close ();
    }
}

void
MyApp::SendPacket (void)
{
  Ptr<Packet> packet = Create<Packet> (m_packetSize);
  m_socket->Send (packet);

  if (++m_packetsSent < m_nPackets)
    {
      ScheduleTx ();
    }
}

void
MyApp::ScheduleTx (void)
{
  if (m_running)
    {
      Time tNext (Seconds (m_packetSize * 8 / static_cast<double> (m_dataRate.GetBitRate ())));
      m_sendEvent = Simulator::Schedule (tNext, &MyApp::SendPacket, this);
    }
}

static void
CwndChange (Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream, uint32_t oldCwnd, uint32_t newCwnd)
{
  NS_LOG_UNCOND (Simulator::Now ().GetSeconds () << "\t" << newCwnd);
  *stream->GetStream () << Simulator::Now ().GetSeconds () << "\t" << oldCwnd << "\t" << newCwnd << std::endl;
}

static void
RxDrop (Ptr<PcapFileWrapper> file, Ptr<const Packet> p)
{
  NS_LOG_UNCOND ("RxDrop at " << Simulator::Now ().GetSeconds ());
  file->Write (Simulator::Now (), p);
}

int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  bool useV6 = false;

  CommandLine cmd;
  cmd.AddValue ("useIpv6", "Use Ipv6", useV6);
  cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

  NodeContainer nodes;
  nodes.Create (2);

  PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
  pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
  pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));

  NetDeviceContainer devices;
  devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);

  Ptr<RateErrorModel> em = CreateObject<RateErrorModel> ();
  em->SetAttribute ("ErrorRate", DoubleValue (0.00001));
  devices.Get (1)->SetAttribute ("ReceiveErrorModel", PointerValue (em));

  InternetStackHelper stack;
  stack.Install (nodes);

  uint16_t sinkPort = 8080;
  Address sinkAddress;
  Address anyAddress;
  std::string probeType;
  std::string tracePath;
  if (useV6 == false)
    {
      Ipv4AddressHelper address;
      address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
      Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
      sinkAddress = InetSocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (1), sinkPort);
      anyAddress = InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), sinkPort);
      probeType = "ns3::Ipv4PacketProbe";
      tracePath = "/NodeList/*/$ns3::Ipv4L3Protocol/Tx";
    }
  else
    {
      Ipv6AddressHelper address;
      address.SetBase ("2001:0000:f00d:cafe::", Ipv6Prefix (64));
      Ipv6InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
      sinkAddress = Inet6SocketAddress (interfaces.GetAddress (1,1), sinkPort);
      anyAddress = Inet6SocketAddress (Ipv6Address::GetAny (), sinkPort);
      probeType = "ns3::Ipv6PacketProbe";
      tracePath = "/NodeList/*/$ns3::Ipv6L3Protocol/Tx";
    }

  PacketSinkHelper packetSinkHelper ("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", anyAddress);
  ApplicationContainer sinkApps = packetSinkHelper.Install (nodes.Get (1));
  sinkApps.Start (Seconds (0.));
  sinkApps.Stop (Seconds (20.));

  Ptr<Socket> ns3TcpSocket = Socket::CreateSocket (nodes.Get (0), TcpSocketFactory::GetTypeId ());

  Ptr<MyApp> app = CreateObject<MyApp> ();
  app->Setup (ns3TcpSocket, sinkAddress, 1040, 1000, DataRate ("1Mbps"));
  nodes.Get (0)->AddApplication (app);
  app->SetStartTime (Seconds (1.));
  app->SetStopTime (Seconds (20.));

  AsciiTraceHelper asciiTraceHelper;
  Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> stream = asciiTraceHelper.CreateFileStream ("seventh.cwnd");
  ns3TcpSocket->TraceConnectWithoutContext ("CongestionWindow", MakeBoundCallback (&CwndChange, stream));

  PcapHelper pcapHelper;
  Ptr<PcapFileWrapper> file = pcapHelper.CreateFile ("seventh.pcap", std::ios::out, PcapHelper::DLT_PPP);
  devices.Get (1)->TraceConnectWithoutContext ("PhyRxDrop", MakeBoundCallback (&RxDrop, file));

  // Use GnuplotHelper to plot the packet byte count over time
  GnuplotHelper plotHelper;

  // Configure the plot.  The first argument is the file name prefix
  // for the output files generated.  The second, third, and fourth
  // arguments are, respectively, the plot title, x-axis, and y-axis labels
  plotHelper.ConfigurePlot ("seventh-packet-byte-count",//文件名前缀
                            "Packet Byte Count vs. Time",//图题
                            "Time (Seconds)",//x标签
                            "Packet Byte Count");//y标签

  // Specify the probe type, trace source path (in configuration namespace), and
  // probe output trace source ("OutputBytes") to plot.  The fourth argument
  // specifies the name of the data series label on the plot.  The last
  // argument formats the plot by specifying where the key should be placed.
  plotHelper.PlotProbe (probeType,
                        tracePath,//trace source path
                        "OutputBytes",//probe output trace source
                        "Packet Byte Count",//legend
                        GnuplotAggregator::KEY_BELOW);//在图中key的位置，默认在inside

  // Use FileHelper to write out the packet byte count over time
  FileHelper fileHelper;

  // Configure the file to be written, and the formatting of output data.
  fileHelper.ConfigureFile ("seventh-packet-byte-count",
                            FileAggregator::FORMATTED);

  // Set the labels for this formatted output file.
  fileHelper.Set2dFormat ("Time (Seconds) = %.3e\tPacket Byte Count = %.0f");

  // Specify the probe type, trace source path (in configuration namespace), and
  // probe output trace source ("OutputBytes") to write.
  fileHelper.WriteProbe (probeType,
                         tracePath,
                         "OutputBytes");

  Simulator::Stop (Seconds (20));
  Simulator::Run ();
  Simulator::Destroy ();

  return 0;
}

对于plothelper对象的第一个函数ConfigurePlots四个参数分别如下：

文件名前缀;

图片名;

x标签;

y标签;

该函数主要完成对于图文件格式的定义。而第二个函数PlotProbe是获得的原始数据，

第一个参数是probetype，这里是

"ns3::Ipv4PacketProbe"

可以通过

vim src/internet/model/ipv4-packet-probe.cc

查看该类的定义

#include "ns3/ipv4-packet-probe.h"
#include "ns3/object.h"
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/names.h"
#include "ns3/config.h"
#include "ns3/trace-source-accessor.h"

namespace ns3 {

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("Ipv4PacketProbe");

NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED (Ipv4PacketProbe);

TypeId
Ipv4PacketProbe::GetTypeId ()
{
  static TypeId tid = TypeId ("ns3::Ipv4PacketProbe")
    .SetParent<Probe> ()
    .SetGroupName ("Internet")
    .AddConstructor<Ipv4PacketProbe> ()
    .AddTraceSource ( "Output",
                      "The packet plus its IPv4 object and interface "
                      "that serve as the output for this probe",
                      MakeTraceSourceAccessor (&Ipv4PacketProbe::m_output),
                      "ns3::Ipv4L3Protocol::TxRxTracedCallback")
    .AddTraceSource ( "OutputBytes",
                      "The number of bytes in the packet",
                      MakeTraceSourceAccessor (&Ipv4PacketProbe::m_outputBytes),
                      "ns3::Packet::SizeTracedCallback")
  ;
  return tid;
}

Ipv4PacketProbe::Ipv4PacketProbe ()
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
  m_packet    = 0;
  m_packetSizeOld = 0;
  m_ipv4      = 0;
  m_interface = 0;
}

Ipv4PacketProbe::~Ipv4PacketProbe ()
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this);
}

void
Ipv4PacketProbe::SetValue (Ptr<const Packet> packet, Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4, uint32_t interface)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << packet << ipv4 << interface);
  m_packet    = packet;
  m_ipv4      = ipv4;
  m_interface = interface;
  m_output (packet, ipv4, interface);

  uint32_t packetSizeNew = packet->GetSize ();
  m_outputBytes (m_packetSizeOld, packetSizeNew);
  m_packetSizeOld = packetSizeNew;
}

void
Ipv4PacketProbe::SetValueByPath (std::string path, Ptr<const Packet> packet, Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4, uint32_t interface)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (path << packet << ipv4 << interface);
  Ptr<Ipv4PacketProbe> probe = Names::Find<Ipv4PacketProbe> (path);
  NS_ASSERT_MSG (probe, "Error:  Can't find probe for path " << path);
  probe->SetValue (packet, ipv4, interface);
}

bool
Ipv4PacketProbe::ConnectByObject (std::string traceSource, Ptr<Object> obj)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << traceSource << obj);
  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Name of probe (if any) in names database: " << Names::FindPath (obj));
  bool connected = obj->TraceConnectWithoutContext (traceSource, MakeCallback (&ns3::Ipv4PacketProbe::TraceSink, this));
  return connected;
}

void
Ipv4PacketProbe::ConnectByPath (std::string path)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << path);
  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Name of probe to search for in config database: " << path);
  Config::ConnectWithoutContext (path, MakeCallback (&ns3::Ipv4PacketProbe::TraceSink, this));
}

void
Ipv4PacketProbe::TraceSink (Ptr<const Packet> packet, Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4, uint32_t interface)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << packet << ipv4 << interface);
  if (IsEnabled ())
    {
      m_packet    = packet;
      m_ipv4      = ipv4;
      m_interface = interface;
      m_output (packet, ipv4, interface);

      uint32_t packetSizeNew = packet->GetSize ();
      m_outputBytes (m_packetSizeOld, packetSizeNew);
      m_packetSizeOld = packetSizeNew;
    }
}

} // namespace ns3

可以发现ipv4packetprobe类的Id是“ns3::Ipv4PacketProbe”，继承于Probe类，并将其成员属性设置为traced value：

m_output设置traced source，分组加上Ipv4对象及其接口，记为Output,由回调签名ns3::Ipv4L3Protocol::TxRxTracedCallback调用

m_outputBytes设置traced source，分组中Bytes数目，记为OutputBytes,由回调签名ns3::Packet::SizeTracedCallback调用

第二个参数是tracepath，这里是

/NodeList/*/$ns3::Ipv4L3Protocol/Tx

查看API文档，可发现ns3::Ipv4L3Protocol存在Trace source:

各TraceSources对应的回调签名为：

Tx对应的回调签名为：TxRxTracedCallback函数指针，其格式为

typedef void(* ns3::Ipv4L3Protocol::TxRxTracedCallback) (Ptr< const Packet > packet, Ptr< Ipv4 > ipv4, uint32_t interface)

第三个参数从多个trace sources里选择将要plot的source,如”OutputBytes“（对于第一个参数里的两个sources之一）

第四个参数是图中数据标签如”Packet Byte Count“

第五个参数是图中key的位置，默认inside，如这里的”KEY_BELOW“

对于GnuplotHelper类的两个函数，第一个函数ConfigurePlot比较简单，不用多说，这里主要分析第二个函数PlotProbe。进入src/stats/helper/，打开gnuplot-helper.cc，截取该函数定义：

void
GnuplotHelper::PlotProbe (const std::string &typeId,
                          const std::string &path,
                          const std::string &probeTraceSource,
                          const std::string &title,
                          enum GnuplotAggregator::KeyLocation keyLocation)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << typeId << path << probeTraceSource << title << keyLocation);

  // Get a pointer to the aggregator.
  Ptr<GnuplotAggregator> aggregator = GetAggregator ();

  // Add a subtitle to the title to show the trace source's path.
  aggregator->SetTitle ( m_title + " \\n\\nTrace Source Path: " + path);

  // Set the default dataset plotting style for the values.
  aggregator->Set2dDatasetDefaultStyle (Gnuplot2dDataset::LINES_POINTS);

  // Set the location of the key in the plot.
  aggregator->SetKeyLocation (keyLocation);

  std::string pathWithoutLastToken;
  std::string lastToken;

  // See if the path has any wildcards.
  bool pathHasNoWildcards = path.find ("*") == std::string::npos;

  // Remove the last token from the path; this should correspond to the 
  // trace source attribute.
  size_t lastSlash = path.find_last_of ("/");
  if (lastSlash == std::string::npos)
    {
      pathWithoutLastToken = path;
      lastToken = "";
    }
  else
    {
      // Chop off up to last token.
      pathWithoutLastToken = path.substr (0, lastSlash);

      // Save the last token without the last slash.
      lastToken = path.substr (lastSlash + 1, std::string::npos);
    }

  // See if there are any matches for the probe's path with the last
  // token removed; this corresponds to the traced object itself.
  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Searching config database for trace source " << path);
  Config::MatchContainer matches = Config::LookupMatches (pathWithoutLastToken);
  uint32_t matchCount = matches.GetN ();
  NS_LOG_DEBUG ("Found " << matchCount << " matches for trace source " << path);

  // This is used to make the probe's context be unique.
  std::string matchIdentifier;

  // Hook one or more probes and the aggregator together.
  if (matchCount == 1 && pathHasNoWildcards)
    {
      // Connect the probe to the aggregator only once because there
      // is only one matching config path.  There is no need to find
      // the wildcard matches because the passed in path has none.
      matchIdentifier = "0";
      ConnectProbeToAggregator (typeId,
                                matchIdentifier,
                                path,
                                probeTraceSource,
                                title);
    }
  else if (matchCount > 0)
    {
      // Handle all of the matches if there are more than one.
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < matchCount; i++)
        {
          // Set the match identifier.
          std::ostringstream matchIdentifierStream;
          matchIdentifierStream << i;
          matchIdentifier = matchIdentifierStream.str ();

          // Construct the matched path and get the matches for each
          // of the wildcards.
          std::string wildcardSeparator = " ";
          std::string matchedPath = matches.GetMatchedPath (i) + lastToken;
          std::string wildcardMatches = GetWildcardMatches (path,
                                                            matchedPath,
                                                            wildcardSeparator);

          // Connect the probe to the aggregator for this match.
          ConnectProbeToAggregator (typeId,
                                    matchIdentifier,
                                    matchedPath,
                                    probeTraceSource,
                                    title + "-" + wildcardMatches);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      // There is a problem if there are no matching config paths.
      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("Lookup of " << path << " got no matches");
    }
}

重点关注一下里面的函数ConnectProbeToAggregator(typeid,matchIdentifier,path,probeTraceSource,legend)，其定义如下：

void
GnuplotHelper::ConnectProbeToAggregator (const std::string &typeId,
                                         const std::string &matchIdentifier,
                                         const std::string &path,
                                         const std::string &probeTraceSource,
                                         const std::string &title)
{
  NS_LOG_FUNCTION (this << typeId << matchIdentifier << path << probeTraceSource
                        << title);

  Ptr<GnuplotAggregator> aggregator = GetAggregator ();

  // Increment the total number of plot probes that have been created.
  m_plotProbeCount++;

  // Create a unique name for this probe.
  std::ostringstream probeNameStream;
  probeNameStream << "PlotProbe-" << m_plotProbeCount;
  std::string probeName = probeNameStream.str ();

  // Create a unique dataset context string for this probe.
  std::string probeContext = probeName
    + "/" + matchIdentifier + "/" + probeTraceSource;

  // Add the probe to the map of probes, which will keep the probe in
  // memory after this function ends.
  AddProbe (typeId, probeName, path);

  // Because the callbacks to the probes' trace sources don't use the
  // probe's context, a unique adaptor needs to be created for each
  // probe context so that information is not lost.
  AddTimeSeriesAdaptor (probeContext);

  // Connect the probe to the adaptor.
  if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::DoubleProbe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkDouble,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::BooleanProbe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkBoolean,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::PacketProbe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkUinteger32,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::ApplicationPacketProbe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkUinteger32,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::Ipv4PacketProbe")//probename 是”Ipv4PacketProbe“
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkUinteger32,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::Ipv6PacketProbe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkUinteger32,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::Uinteger8Probe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkUinteger8,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::Uinteger16Probe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkUinteger16,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::Uinteger32Probe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkUinteger32,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::TimeProbe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkDouble,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }
  else
    {
      NS_FATAL_ERROR ("Unknown probe type " << m_probeMap[probeName].second << "; need to add support in the helper for this");
    }

  // Connect the adaptor to the aggregator.
  std::string adaptorTraceSource = "Output";
  m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]->TraceConnect
    (adaptorTraceSource,
    probeContext,
    MakeCallback (&GnuplotAggregator::Write2d, aggregator));

  // Add the dataset to the plot.
  aggregator->Add2dDataset (probeContext, title);
}

} // namespace ns3

虽然很长，但记住我们的probename 是”Ipv4PacketProbe“即：

else if (m_probeMap[probeName].second == "ns3::Ipv4PacketProbe")
    {
      m_probeMap[probeName].first->TraceConnectWithoutContext
        (probeTraceSource,
        MakeCallback (&TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkUinteger32,
                      m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap[probeContext]));
    }

可以看到调用了比较熟悉TraceConnectWithoutContext函数实现trace source 与trace sink的关联，这里source是probeTraceSource即”OutputBytes“，sink是通过MakeCallback将

TimeSeriesAdaptor::TraceSinkUinteger32函数与回调关联，该函数是类 TimeSeriesAdaptor类对象一成员函数，对应指针m_timeSeriesAdaptorMap。

查询API发现在src/stats/model，打开time-series-adaptor.cc，找到TraceSinkUinteger32

里面调用的TraceSinkDouble为：

故最终输出形式两列：第一列为时间(s)，第二列为最新值。

总结思路：

选择gnuplot helper 画图后，选择需要统计画图的标准，这里是分组的bytes数目，故probetype这里选择ipv4packetprobe;

选择trace sources集合，这里从ipv4l3protocol里选择

选择待画图的一个source

关联source和sink。

probetype 例如ipv4--packet-probe，打开src/internet/model/ipv4-packet-probe.cc，

且存在ConnectByObject函数和ConnectByPath，将外来trace source与该probe相关联，即通TraceConnectWithoutContext或者Config::ConnectWithoutContext实现与ipv4packetprobe::TraceSInk函数的关联：

可见完成外来trace source与probe关联后，外来trace source变化--->在probe的Enabled=1时对应的sink函数TraceSink接收这种变化并被调用---->m_output 和m_outputBytes被赋值即Output 和OutputBuyes这两个内部trace source变化---->对应的sink函数调用，输出trace soucre对应内容。