用python批量修改文本文件编码格式

 把文本文件的编码格式进行批量幻化，比如ascii， gb2312， utf8等，相互转化，字符集的大小来看，utf8>gb2312>ascii,因此最好把gb2312转为utf8，否则容易出现乱码。

gb2312和utf-8的主要区别：

关于字库规模： UTF-8 > gb2312（utf8字全而gb2312只有汉字）

关于保存大小： UTF-8> gb2312 （utf8更臃肿、加载更慢，gb2312更小巧，加载更快）

关于适用范围：gb2312主要在中国大陆地区使用，是一个本地化的字符集，UTF-8包含全世界所有国家需要用到的字符，是国际编码，通用性强。UTF-8编码的文字可以在各国支持UTF8字符集的浏览器上显示。

import sys
import chardet
import codecs

def get_encoding_type(fileName):
    '''print the encoding format of a txt file '''
    with open(fileName, 'rb') as f:
        data = f.read()
        encoding_type = chardet.detect(data)
        #print(encoding_type)
        return encoding_type
        # such as {'encoding': 'GB2312', 'confidence': 0.99, 'language': 'Chinese'}

def convert_encoding_type(filename_in, filename_out, encode_in="gb2312", encode_out="utf-8"):
    '''convert encoding format of txt file '''
    #filename_in = 'flash.c'
    #filename_out = 'flash_gb2312.c'
    #encode_in = 'utf-8'  # 输入文件的编码类型
    #encode_out = 'gb2312'# 输出文件的编码类型
    with codecs.open(filename=filename_in, mode='r', encoding=encode_in) as fi:
        data = fi.read()
        with open(filename_out, mode='w', encoding=encode_out) as fo:
            fo.write(data)
            fo.close()
        # with open(filename_out, 'rb') as f:
        #     data = f.read()
        #     print(chardet.detect(data))

if __name__=="__main__":
    # fileName = argv[1]
    # get_encoding_type(fileName)
    # convert_encoding_type(fileName, fileName)
    filename_of_files = sys.argv[1]   #the file contain full file path at each line
    with open(filename_of_files, 'rb') as f:
        lines = f.readlines()
        for line in lines:
            fileName = line[:-1]
            encoding_type = get_encoding_type(fileName)
            if encoding_type['encoding']=='GB2312':
                print(encoding_type)
                convert_encoding_type(fileName, fileName)
                print(fileName)