常用的数据格式

XML文本标记语言

JSON格式

CSON格式

Protobuf序列化协议

Protobuf是一种平台无关、语言无关、可扩展且轻便高效的序列化数据结构的协议，可以用于网络通信和数据存储。

Protobuf数据类型:

序列化对象（java对象）转换成二进制数据（二进制字节数组），编码Encode
反序列化 和序列化相反 把二进制数据转换成java对象

java中的对象序列化和反序列化
ObjectOutput反序列化
ObjectInput序列化

@Test
    void contextLoads() throws Exception {
        byte[] bs = serialize();
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bs));

        Teacher deserialize = deserialize(bs);
        System.out.println(deserialize.toString());
    }

    /**
     * 序列化
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static byte[] serialize() throws IOException {
        Teacher t = new Teacher();
        t.setTeacherId(1L);
        t.setAge(22);
        t.setName("张飞");
        t.getCourses().add("java");

        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
        output.writeObject(t);

        return baos.toByteArray();
    }

    /**
     * 反序列化
     * @param byteArray
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static Teacher deserialize(byte[] byteArray)throws Exception{
        ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArray));
        Teacher t = (Teacher)input.readObject();
        return t;
    }

1234序号
是方便protobuf在解析的时候，不需要额外记录顺序。跟着序号解析就可以了。

//ByteArrayOutputStream 序列化后的数据
[-84, -19, 0, 5, 115, 114, 0, 29, 99, 111, 109, 46, 101, 120, 97, 109, 112, 108, 101, 46, 100, 101,
 109, 111, 46, 112, 111, 106, 111, 46, 84, 101, 97, 99, 104, 101, 114, 112, -87, -8, -51, -89, -71,
  48, 63, 2, 0, 4, 73, 0, 3, 97, 103, 101, 76, 0, 7, 99, 111, 117, 114, 115, 101, 115, 116, 0, 16, 76,
   106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 117, 116, 105, 108, 47, 76, 105, 115, 116, 59, 76, 0, 4, 110, 97, 109, 101, 
   116, 0, 18, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 103, 47, 83, 116, 114, 105, 110, 103, 59, 76, 
   0, 9, 116, 101, 97, 99, 104, 101, 114, 73, 100, 116, 0, 16, 76, 106, 97, 118, 97, 47, 108, 97, 110, 
   103, 47, 76, 111, 110, 103, 59, 120, 112, 0, 0, 0, 22, 115, 114, 0, 19, 106, 97, 118, 97, 46, 117, 
   116, 105, 108, 46, 65, 114, 114, 97, 121, 76, 105, 115, 116, 120, -127, -46, 29, -103, -57, 97, 
   -99, 3, 0, 1, 73, 0, 4, 115, 105, 122, 101, 120, 112, 0, 0, 0, 1, 119, 4, 0, 0, 0, 1, 116, 0, 4, 
   106, 97, 118, 97, 120, 116, 0, 6, -27, -68, -96, -23, -93, -98, 115, 114, 0, 14, 106, 97, 118, 97, 
   46, 108, 97, 110, 103, 46, 76, 111, 110, 103, 59, -117, -28, -112, -52, -113, 35, -33, 2, 0, 1, 74, 
   0, 5, 118, 97, 108, 117, 101, 120, 114, 0, 16, 106, 97, 118, 97, 46, 108, 97, 110, 103, 46, 78, 
   117, 109, 98, 101, 114, -122, -84, -107, 29, 11, -108, -32, -117, 2, 0, 0, 120, 112, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, 0, 1]
Teacher{teacherId=1, age=22, name='张飞', courses=[java]}

//Protobuf序列化后的数据
[10, 1, 1, 18, 1, 22, 26, 6, -25, -117, -105, -24, -101, -117, 34, 4, 106, 97, 118, 97]
[1]
[22]
[狗蛋]
[java]

Protobuf在速度方面会比java（ByteArrayOutputStream ）快很多。

properties

yaml

toml