在 socket编程中,对于socket的读写默认都是阻塞的,但有的情况我们需要将其设置为非阻塞,比如做多路复用,或者通过select实现连接超时等功能,将socket设置为非阻塞,在windows和linux中的接口有所不同,在windows中使用ioctlsocket函数,在linux中使用 fcntl函数,下面我们做一个跨平台设置阻塞的函数SetBlock。
bool SetBlock(int sock,bool isblock)
{
int re = 0;
//通过宏区分windows和linux,如果是windows64位程序判断 _WIN64宏
#ifdef WIN32
unsigned long ul = 0;
if(!isblock) ul = 1;
re = ioctlsocket(sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long*)&ul);
#else
//先取到现有描述符属性,保证本次更改不变动原有属性
int flags = fcntl(sock, F_GETFL, 0);
if (flags < 0) {
return false;
}
if(isblock)
{
flags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
}
else
{
flags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
}
re = fcntl(sock, F_SETFL, flags);
#endif
if (re != 0) return false;
return true;
}
linux 服务端:
cpy_reads = reads;
timeout.tv_sec = 5;
timeout.tv_usec = 5000;
//监听服务端套接字和与客服端连接的服务端套接字的read事件
if ((fd_num = select(fd_max + 1, &cpy_reads, 0, 0, &timeout)) == -1)
break;
if(fd_num == 0)
continue;
if (FD_ISSET(serv_sock, &cpy_reads))//受理客服端连接请求
{
adr_sz = sizeof(clnt_adr);
clnt_sock = accept(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&clnt_adr, &adr_sz);
FD_SET(clnt_sock, &reads);
if(fd_max < clnt_sock)
fd_max = clnt_sock;
printf("connected client: %d \n", clnt_sock);
}
else//转发客服端数据
{
str_len = read(clnt_sock, buf, BUF_SIZE);
if (str_len == 0)//客服端发送的退出EOF
{
FD_CLR(clnt_sock, &reads);
close(clnt_sock);
printf("closed client: %d \n", clnt_sock);
}
else
{
//接收数据为字符串时执行回声服务
write(clnt_sock, buf, str_len);
}
}
}
close(serv_sock);
return 0;
}
void error_handling(char *message)
{
fputs(message, stderr);
fputc('\n', stderr);
exit(1);
}
客户端:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
void error_handling(char *message)
{
fputs(message, stderr);
fputc('\n', stderr);
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
int sock;
char message[BUF_SIZE];
int str_len, recv_len, recv_cnt;
struct sockaddr_in serv_adr;
if(argc != 3)
{
printf("Usage: %s <IP> <port> \n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sock == -1)
error_handling("socket() error");
memset(&serv_adr, 0, sizeof(serv_adr));
serv_adr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
serv_adr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_adr, sizeof(serv_adr)) == -1)
error_handling("connect() error");
else
puts("Connected ...............");
while (1) {
fputs("Input message(Q to quit): ", stdout);
fgets(message, BUF_SIZE, stdin);
if (!strcmp(message, "q\n") || !strcmp(message, "Q\n"))
break;
str_len = write(sock, message, strlen(message));
/*这里需要循环读取,因为TCP没有数据边界,不循环读取可能出现一个字符串一次发送
但分多次读取而导致输出字符串不完整*/
recv_len = 0;
while (recv_len < str_len) {
recv_cnt = read(sock, &message[recv_len], BUF_SIZE - 1);
if(recv_cnt == -1)
error_handling("read() error");
recv_len += recv_cnt;
}
message[recv_len] = 0;
printf("Message from server: %s", message);
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
windows
服务端:
#include<iostream>
#include<WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#define bufsize 1024
using namespace std;
void main() {
WSADATA wsadata;
SOCKET serverSocket,clientSocket;
int szClientAddr,fdnum,str_len;
SOCKADDR_IN serverAddr, clientAddr;
fd_set reads, cpyReads;
TIMEVAL timeout;
char message[bufsize] = "\0";
if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsadata)!=0)
cout<<"WSAStartup() error"<<endl;
serverSocket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(serverSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
cout<<"socket() error"<<endl;
memset(&serverAddr, 0, sizeof(serverAddr));
serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serverAddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
if (bind(serverSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
cout << "bind () error" << endl;
listen(serverSocket, 5);
cout << "服务器启动成功!" << endl;
FD_ZERO(&reads); //所有初始化为0
FD_SET(serverSocket, &reads); //将服务器套接字存入
while (1) {
cpyReads = reads;
timeout.tv_sec = 5; //5秒
timeout.tv_usec = 5000; //5000毫秒
//找出监听中发出请求的套接字
if ((fdnum = select(0, &cpyReads, 0, 0, &timeout)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
break;
if (fdnum == 0) {
cout << "time out!" << endl;
continue;
}
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < reads.fd_count; i++) {
if (FD_ISSET(reads.fd_array[i], &cpyReads)) { //判断是否为发出请求的套接字
if (reads.fd_array[i] == serverSocket) { //是否为服务器套接字
szClientAddr = sizeof(clientAddr);
clientSocket = accept(serverSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&clientAddr, &szClientAddr);
if (clientSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) cout << "accept() error" << endl;
FD_SET(clientSocket, &reads);
cout << "连接的客户端是:" << clientSocket << endl;
}
else {//否 就是客户端
str_len = recv(reads.fd_array[i], message, bufsize - 1, 0);
if (str_len == 0) {//根据接受数据的大小 判断是否是关闭
FD_CLR(reads.fd_array[i], &reads); //清除数组中该套接字
closesocket(cpyReads.fd_array[i]);
cout << "关闭的客户端是:" << cpyReads.fd_array[i] << endl;
}
else {
send(reads.fd_array[i], message, str_len, 0);
}
}
}
}
}
closesocket(clientSocket);
closesocket(serverSocket);
WSACleanup();
}
客户端:
#include<iostream>
#include<WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#define bufsize 1024
using namespace std;
void main() {
WSADATA wsadata;
SOCKET clientSocket;
SOCKADDR_IN serverAddr;
int recvCnt;
char message[bufsize] = "\0";
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsadata) != 0)
cout << "WSAStartup() error" << endl;
if ((clientSocket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == INVALID_SOCKET)
cout << "socket() error" << endl;
serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
serverAddr.sin_port = htons(9999);
if(connect(clientSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr))==SOCKET_ERROR)
cout<<"connect() error"<<endl;
while (1) {
cout << "输入Q或q退出:";
cin >> message;
if (!strcmp(message, "Q") || !strcmp(message, "q")) break;
send(clientSocket, message, strlen(message), 0);
memset(message, 0, sizeof(message));
recv(clientSocket, message, bufsize, 0);
cout << "服务器结果:" << message << endl;
}
closesocket(clientSocket);
WSACleanup();
}
参考博客:https://blog.csdn.net/zl908760230/article/details/70257229
参考博客:https://blog.csdn.net/hshl1214/article/details/45872243
参考博客:https://blog.csdn.net/u010223072/article/details/48133725
参考博客:https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1350701
参考书籍:《TCP/IP 网络编程 --尹圣雨》