Spring核心机制IOC和AOP

IOC

概念

将对象的创建进行反转，由Spring框架为我们创建对象

1、基于XML配置创建对象

引入pom文件，spring-context 会自动将 spring-core、spring-beans、spring-aop、spring-expression 这几个基础依赖带进来。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>

创建user对象：

@Data
public class User {
    private String id;
    private String name;
}

创建spring.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">
    <bean id="user" class="com.example.demo.ioc.User">
        <property name="id" value="1"></property>
        <property name="name" value="aaa"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试代码：

public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
        System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean("user"));
    }

输出结果：

User(id=1, name=aaa, address=null)

2、基于注解：

配置类：
新建BeanConfig类：

@Configuration
public class BeanConfig {
    @Bean
    public User getUser() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId("1");
        user.setName("a");
        return user;
    }
}

测试类：

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);
System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean(User.class));
System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean("getUser"));
//或者加value值通过如下方式获取：@Bean(value = "user")
//System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean("user"));

输出结果：

User(id=1, name=a)
User(id=1, name=a)

3、扫描包+注解

User类上加注解：

@Data
@Component
public class User {
    @Value(value = "1")
    private String id;
    @Value(value = "aa")
    private String name;
}

测试代码：

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("com.example.demo.ioc");
System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean(User.class));

输出结果：

User(id=1, name=a)

自动创建对象，完成依赖注入
User对象中建Address对象

@Data
@Component
public class User {
    @Value(value = "1")
    private String id;
    @Value(value = "aa")
    private String name;
    @Autowired
    private Address address;
}
@Data
@Component
class Address {
    @Value(value = "上海")
    private String province;
    @Value(value = "浦东")
    private String city;
    @Value(value = "康桥")
    private String area;
}

测试代码：

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("com.example.demo.ioc");
System.out.println(applicationContext.getBean(User.class));

输出结果：

User(id=1, name=aa, address=Address(province=上海, city=浦东, area=康桥))

当存在一个接口多个实现类时，需要@Autowired和@Qualifier搭配使用，使用@Qualifier通过名字来指定对应的实现类
@Autowired是类型注入，可使用@Qualifier(value = “user”)使用名称注入，子类Address要加上注解@Component(value = “user”)

具体实现

AOP

面向切面编程，抽象化面向对象
使用场景：

1、打印日志
2、事务
3、权限处理

案例

实现加减法执行前后输出日志的具体实现
添加pom

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
</dependency>

spring.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">
    <!--自动扫包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.demo.aop"></context:component-scan>
    <!--开启自动生成代理-->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>

定义接口跟实现类

@Component
public interface Calc {
    int add(int a, int b);
    int sub(int a, int b);
}

@Component
public class CalcImpl implements Calc {
    @Override
    public int add(int a, int b) {
        int c = a + b;
        return c;
    }
    @Override
    public int sub(int a, int b) {
        int c = a - b;
        return c;
    }
}

定义切面类

@Aspect
@Component
public class LoggerAspect {
    @Before("execution(public int com.example.demo.aop.CalcImpl.*(..))")
    public void before(JoinPoint joinpoint) {
        String name = joinpoint.getSignature().getName();
        System.out.println(name + "方法参数是" + Arrays.toString(joinpoint.getArgs()));
    }
    @AfterReturning(value = "execution(public int com.example.demo.aop.CalcImpl.*(..))", returning = "result")
    public void after(JoinPoint joinpoint, Object result) {
        String name = joinpoint.getSignature().getName();
        System.out.println(name + "方法结果是" + result);
    }
}

编写测试类

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
Calc calc = applicationContext.getBean(Calc.class);
System.out.println(calc.add(3, 2));
System.out.println(calc.sub(3, 2));

输出结果：

add方法参数是[3, 2]
add方法结果是5
5
sub方法参数是[3, 2]
sub方法结果是1
1