一、ReentrantLock类
服务类:
public class MyService {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void methodA() {
lock.lock();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-" + i);
}
lock.unlock();
}
}
线程类
public class MyThread extends Thread{
private MyService service;
public MyThread(MyService service) {
super();
this.service = service;
}
@Override
public void run() {
service.methodA();
}
}
调用类
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
MyService myService = new MyService();
MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread(myService);
MyThread myThread2 = new MyThread(myService);
MyThread myThread3 = new MyThread(myService);
myThread1.start();
myThread2.start();
myThread3.start();
}
}
说明:
ReentrantLock的lock.lock()方法与synchronized 关键词以及Object.lock()效果类似。myThread1 与myThread2 与 myThread3 同步运行。
既然ReentrantLock与Object.lock()都是显示的调用锁,那么他俩有什么区别呢?
ReentrantLock是JDK1.5之后才出现的类,他自然比Object.lock()更加进步。
首先要解释一下“公平锁”与“非公平锁”的概念,当一个线程获取锁后获得执行机会,其他的线程尝试获取该锁时,发现锁被占用,因此进入等待队列。“非公平锁”机制就是当获得锁的线程执行完毕释放锁之后,JVM会在等待队列中随机挑选一个等待线程给他获取锁的机会,而“公平锁”机制就是JVM会在等待队列中挑选队头的线程给他获取锁的机会,也就是FIFO先进先出的顺序。
公平锁:
private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(true);
非公平锁(默认就是):
private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false);
二、ReentrantReadWriteLock类
public class MyService {
private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public void read() {
try {
lock.readLock().lock();
System.out.println("获得读锁" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-" + System.currentTimeMillis());
Thread.sleep(5000);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.readLock().unlock();
}
}
public void write(){
try {
lock.writeLock().lock();
System.out.println("获得写锁" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-" + System.currentTimeMillis());
Thread.sleep(5000);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
}
说明
读读共享、写写互斥、读写互斥。
三、Condition
public class MyService {
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
public Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
public void methodA() {
try {
lock.lock();
conditionA.await();
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void methodB(){
try {
lock.lock();
conditionB.await();
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void signalAllA(){
try {
lock.lock();
conditionA.signalAll();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void signalAllB(){
try {
lock.lock();
conditionB.signalAll();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
说明
在上一片博文[java多线程常用关键字与方法介绍(一)]中,提到wait()和notify()方法实现的等待/通知模式,而Condition 的await()和signal()方式也可以实现等待/通知模式。那么他俩有什么不一样呢?
wait()和notify()是Object的方法,当多个线程中多个不同的方法调用wait()时,当新的线程调用notifyAll()时会唤醒所wait线程,但是当我们只想唤醒执行某一类方法的线程时,例如只想唤醒执行上述代码的methodA()方法的线程时,该怎么办呢?
这时,我们的Condition类就派上用场了,一个Lock对象里可以创建多个Condition实例(即对象监视器),那么线程就可以注册在指定的Condition中,从而当多个线程进入wait时,可以更加精确的有选择性的唤醒某些线程。