浅拷贝与深拷贝

浅拷贝和深拷贝的错误容易出现在引用类型中，当一个引用类型含有引用类型的成员变量，比如下方的源代码中引用类型Employee含有引用类型的成员变量name，当有类似情形时，会比较容易造成浅拷贝与深拷贝的混淆。

package copy;

public class Employee implements Cloneable{

    private String name = "";
    private int age = 0;

    public Employee(String name, int age) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Employee copy = (Employee) super.clone();
        String name = new String(this.name);
        copy.setName(name);
        return copy;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Employee employee = new Employee("Original employee", 10);

        Employee copy = null;
        try {
            copy = employee.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("employee == copy? " + (employee == copy));
        System.out.println("employee'name == copy'name? " + (employee.getName() == copy.getName()));
    }

}

当我们只这样重写clone方法时，那Employee调用clone时将会是浅拷贝，从输出也能看的出来

@Override
    public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Employee copy = (Employee) super.clone();
        return copy;
    }

输出

employee == copy? false
employee'name == copy'name? true

所以这种情况是需要特别注意的地方。

如果我们需要深拷贝（Deep Copy），那需要对Employee内的所有引用类型再进行重新new，这样就可以进行深度拷贝。

@Override
public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    Employee copy = (Employee) super.clone();
    String name = new String(this.name);
    copy.setName(name);
    return copy;
}

employee == copy? false
employee'name == copy'name? false