[入门-8] 错误处理之异常

常见异常Error

• NameError
• ZeroDivisionError
• SyntaxError(唯一非运行时错误)
• IndexError
• KeyError
• IOErrpr
• OSError
• AttributeError
• ValueError
• TypeError

两个不是由错误引起的异常Error：

• SystemExit python程序需要退出
• KeyboardInterupt ctrl+C

异常类

• BaseExceptiom
  
  • KeyboardInterrupt
  • SystemExit
  • Exception
    
    • all other current build-in exceptions

try:
    pass
except ValueError, reason:
    print "%s" %str(reason)
except TypeError, reason:
    print "%s" %str(reason)
except (IndexError, KeyError), reason:
    print "%s" %str(reason)
except Exception, reason:  #捕获所有异常， 不推荐使用空的except语句
    print "%s" %str(reason)
else:  #try 中没有异常的时候会执行else
    print "No exceptions in try block"
finally:  #无论如何都会执行到的代码，既是否有异常出现，都会执行
    pass

触发异常

raise SomeException, args, traceback
raise exclass, args, tb
raise exclass()
raise exclass, instance
raise string, args, tb

断言

#assert = raise if not ...
#AssertError，断言引发的异常
asssert expression, arguments
assert 1==1
try:
    pass
except AssertionError, args:
    print '%s, %s' %(args.__class__.__name__, args)       

sys模块

try:
    pass
exception:
    import sys
    exc_tuple = sys.exc_info()
print exc_tuple
for item in exc_tuple:
    print item

#(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback) = sys.exc_info()
#异常类，类实例，追踪记录对象

Reference

Python核心编程