Java利用反射动态创建XML文件

一、需求场景

需要根据不同的Java对象，动态生成对应的XML文件。举例：现在要创建的XML文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<Person>
	<Name>小明</Name>
	<Gender>男</Gender>
	<Books>
		<Item>
			<Title>文学书</Title>
			<Author>张三</Author>
		</Item>
		<Item>
			<Title>历史书</Title>
			<Author>李四</Author>
		</Item>
	</Books>
</Person>

二、需求实现

根据xml创建对应的Java类，结构与xml结构一致。如上，创建Java类：

@Data
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private String gender;
    private List<Books> books;
}

动态生成Document节点代码：

    /**
     * 生成xml节点
     *
     * @param document    XML文档
     * @param method      调用方法
     * @param rootElement 根节点
     * @param clazz       当前节点类型
     * @param curInstance 当前节点实例
     */
    private static void generateElement(Document document, Method method, Element rootElement, Class<?> clazz, Object curInstance) {
        try {
            Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
            for (Field field : fields) {
                field.setAccessible(true);
                String name = field.getName();
                // 转换首字母大写
                char[] cs = name.toCharArray();
                cs[0] -= 32;
                String attribute = String.valueOf(cs);
                //创建子节点
                Element element = (Element) method.invoke(document, attribute);
                Object obj = field.get(curInstance);
                if (obj != null) {
                    if (obj instanceof List) {
                        // 列表-->递归创建节点
                        List list = (List) obj;
                        Type genericType = field.getGenericType();
                        // 如果是泛型参数的类型
                        if (genericType != null && genericType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                            ParameterizedType pt = (ParameterizedType) genericType;
                            // 获取泛型Class对象
                            Class<?> actualTypeArgumentClazz = (Class<?>) pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
                            for (Object itemObj : list) {
                                Element item = (Element) method.invoke(document, "Item");
                                generateElement(document, method, item, actualTypeArgumentClazz, itemObj);
                                element.appendChild(item);
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        String content = obj.toString();
                        element.setTextContent(content);
                    }
                }
                rootElement.appendChild(element);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

导出XML代码：

    public static void exportXml(Object root) {
        try {
            DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
            Document document = documentBuilder.newDocument();
            // 创建根节点
            Element personElement = document.createElement(root.getClass().getSimpleName());
            Method createElementMethod = Document.class.getMethod("createElement", String.class);
            generateElement(document, createElementMethod, personElement, root.getClass(), root);
            // 将根节点(已经包含子节点)添加到dom树中
            document.appendChild(personElement);
            // 将dom树转换为XML文件
            Transformer tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
            // 设置XML文件自动换行
            tf.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
            tf.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("E:\\test\\test.xml")));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

测试代码：

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setName("小明");
        person.setGender("男");
        List<Books> bookList = new ArrayList<>();
        Books books1 = new Books();
        books1.setTitle("文学书");
        books1.setAuthor("张三");
        Books books2 = new Books();
        books2.setTitle("历史书");
        books2.setAuthor("李四");
        bookList.add(books1);
        bookList.add(books2);
        person.setBooks(bookList);
        exportXml(person);
    }