目录
一、简介
RTSP服务器有两个部分组成,一个是RTSP的交互,一个是RTP数据的传输,本文主要实现RTSP服务的交互过程。从PTSP协议介绍中我们可以了解到,当rtsp客户端连接成功后就会开始发送请求,服务器这是需要接收客户端请求并开始解析,再采取相应得操作。常用的RTSP请求如下图1所示,所以RTSP服务器最少也要实现以下几种请求的响应,本文主要描述OPTIONS、DESCRIBE、SETUP、PLAY等几种简单的响应,这些方法的具体介绍可以参考PTSP协议介绍或者RTSP协议中文文档。当然还需要创建一个TCP的服务器。
二、套接字的创建
VLC客户端其实就是一个RTSP客户端,当我们在vlc输入rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554后发生了什么事?
当输入这个url后,vlc知道目的IP为127.0.0.1,目的端口号为8854,这时vlc会发起一个tcp连接取连接服务器,连接成功后就开始发送请求,服务端响应。所以我们要写一个rtsp服务器,第一步肯定是创建tcp服务器。
static int createTcpSocket()
{
int sockfd;
int on = 1;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd < 0)
return -1;
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*)&on, sizeof(on));
return sockfd;
}
static int createUdpSocket()
{
int sockfd;
int on = 1;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if(sockfd < 0)
return -1;
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*)&on, sizeof(on));
return sockfd;
}
static int bindSocketAddr(int sockfd, const char* ip, int port)
{
struct sockaddr_in addr;
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(port);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);
if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0)
return -1;
return 0;
}
static int acceptClient(int sockfd, char* ip, int* port)
{
int clientfd;
socklen_t len = 0;
struct sockaddr_in addr;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
len = sizeof(addr);
clientfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &len);
if(clientfd < 0)
return -1;
strcpy(ip, inet_ntoa(addr.sin_addr));
*port = ntohs(addr.sin_port);
return clientfd;
}
三、解析请求
当rtsp客户端连接成功后就会开始发送请求,服务器这是需要接收客户端请求并开始解析,再采取相应得操作。我们现在只分析图1中显示的几种简单的请求,相对应的我们要实现这几种请求的响应。
OPTIONS rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/live RTSP/1.0\r\n
CSeq: 2\r\n
\r\n
DESCRIBE rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/live RTSP/1.0\r\n
CSeq: 3\r\n
Accept: application/sdp\r\n
\r\n
SETUP rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/live/track0 RTSP/1.0\r\n
CSeq: 4\r\n
Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=54492-54493\r\n
\r\n
PLAY rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/live RTSP/1.0\r\n
CSeq: 5\r\n
Session: 66334873\r\n
Range: npt=0.000-\r\n
\r\n
以上就是RTSP客户端发送过来的OPTIONS、DESCRIBE、SETUP、PLAY的请求,我们先要对其请求进行分析,剥离出我们需要的信息,比如请求头OPTIONS等、URL、Cseq等等信息。前面我在RTSP协议的一些分析(一)和RTSP协议的一些分析(二)中介绍了一些字符串函数的使用,我们基本上就是使用里面描述的字符串函数进行关键信息的提取。具体代码如下:
if (!sscanf(stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_InBuffer, "%s",stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_method))
{
printf("prase url failed\n");
goto out;
}
if((p = strstr(stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_InBuffer,HDR_CSEQ)) != NULL)
{
if(!sscanf(p, "%*s %d",&stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_cseq))
{
printf("prase Cseq failed\n");
goto out;
}
}
static int RTSP_HandleMethod(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
if(!strcmp(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_method,RTSP_METHOD_OPTIONS))
{
if(RTSP_HandleMethodOPTIONS(pstRtspHdrParam))
{
printf("failed to handle OPTIONS\n");
return -1;
}
}
else if(!strcmp(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_method,RTSP_METHOD_DESCRIBE))
{
if(RTSP_HandleMethodDESCRIBE(pstRtspHdrParam))
{
printf("failed to handle DESCRIBE\n");
return -1;
}
}
else if(!strcmp(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_method,RTSP_METHOD_SETUP))
{
if(RTSP_HandleMethodSETUP(pstRtspHdrParam))
{
printf("failed to handle SETUP\n");
return -1;
}
}
else if(!strcmp(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_method,RTSP_METHOD_PLAY))
{
if(RTSP_HandleMethodPLAY(pstRtspHdrParam))
{
printf("failed to handle PLAY\n");
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
四、OPTIONS的响应
OPTIONS是客户端向服务端请求可用的方法,我们这里只实现了OPTIONS、DESCRIBLE、SETUP、PLAY,所以就向客户端回复我们当前可用的方法。
static int RTSP_HandleMethodOPTIONS(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
sprintf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_OutBuffer,
"RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
"CSeq: %d\r\n"
"Public: OPTIONS, DESCRIBE, SETUP, PLAY\r\n"
"\r\n",
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_cseq);
return 0;
}
五、DESCRIBE的响应
DESCRIBE是客户端向服务器请求媒体信息,这是服务器需要回复sdp描述文件,这个例子中的媒体是H.264。
static int RTSP_HandleMethodDESCRIBE(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
char sdp[500];
char localIp[100];
char url[255];
sscanf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_InBuffer, "%*s %256s",url);
sscanf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_InBuffer, "DESCRIBE rtsp://%[^:]:", localIp);
sprintf(sdp, "v=0\r\n"
"o=- 9%ld 1 IN IP4 %s\r\n"
"t=0 0\r\n"
"a=control:*\r\n"
"m=video 0 RTP/AVP 96\r\n"
"a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000\r\n"
"a=control:track0\r\n",
time(NULL), localIp);
sprintf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_OutBuffer,
"RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
"CSeq: %d\r\n"
"Content-Base: %s\r\n"
"Content-type: application/sdp\r\n"
"Content-length: %d\r\n\r\n"
"%s",
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_cseq,
url,
strlen(sdp),
sdp);
return 0;
}
六、SETUP的响应
SETUP是客户端请求建立会话连接,并发送了客户端的RTP端口和RTCP端口,那么此时服务端需要回复服务端的RTP端口和RTCP端口。
针对一个 URI 的 SETUP 详细说明了将要用于流媒体的传输机制。客户端可以针对已开始播放的流发出 SETUP 请求,来改变传输参数--服务器可能会同意。如果它不同意,它必须响应一个"455 此状态下此方法无效"错误。为便于穿透防火墙,客户端必须指示传输参数,即便它不能影响这些参数,例如:服务器向哪里放固定的多播地址的广告。
传输头部(Transport header)详细列出了客户端能接受的数据传输参数 ;响应中会包含服务器选定的传输参数。
static int RTSP_HandleMethodSETUP(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
char *p = NULL;
if((p = strstr(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_InBuffer,HDR_TRANSPORT)))
{
sscanf(p, "Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=%d-%d\r\n",
&pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_clientRtpPort, &pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_clientRtcpPort);
}
sprintf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_OutBuffer,
"RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
"CSeq: %d\r\n"
"Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=%d-%d;server_port=%d-%d\r\n"
"Session: 66334873\r\n"
"\r\n",
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_cseq,
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_clientRtpPort,
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_clientRtcpPort,
SERVER_RTP_PORT,
SERVER_RTCP_PORT);
return 0;
}
服务器在响应 SETUP 请求时生成会话标识。如果发往服务器的 SETUP 请求中包含了会话标识,服务器必须把这个 SETUP请求绑定到已存在的会话中,或是返回"459 不允许合控制"错误。
七、PLAY的响应
PLAY时客户端向服务器请求播放,这时服务端回复完请求后就开始通过setup过程中创建的udp套接字发送RTP包。
static int RTSP_HandleMethodPLAY(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
sprintf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_OutBuffer,
"RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
"CSeq: %d\r\n"
"Range: npt=0.000-\r\n"
"Session: 66334873; timeout=60\r\n"
"\r\n",
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_cseq);
return 0;
}
八、源码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define BUF_MAX_SIZE (1024*1024)
#define SERVER_RTP_PORT 55532
#define SERVER_RTCP_PORT 55533
#define SERVER_PORT 8554
#define HDR_CSEQ "CSeq"
#define HDR_RANGE "Range"
#define HDR_SESSION "Session"
#define HDR_TRANSPORT "Transport"
#define RTSP_METHOD_OPTIONS "OPTIONS"
#define RTSP_METHOD_DESCRIBE "DESCRIBE"
#define RTSP_METHOD_SETUP "SETUP"
#define RTSP_METHOD_PLAY "PLAY"
typedef struct _RTSP_HDR_PARAM_
{
unsigned int rtsp_cseq;
unsigned int rtsp_session;
unsigned int rtsp_clientRtpPort;
unsigned int rtsp_clientRtcpPort;
unsigned char rtsp_method[20];
char rtsp_InBuffer[BUF_MAX_SIZE]; /*接收缓冲区*/
char rtsp_OutBuffer[BUF_MAX_SIZE];/*发送缓冲区*/
}RTSP_HDR_PARAM;
static int createTcpSocket()
{
int sockfd;
int on = 1;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd < 0)
return -1;
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*)&on, sizeof(on));
return sockfd;
}
static int createUdpSocket()
{
int sockfd;
int on = 1;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if(sockfd < 0)
return -1;
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*)&on, sizeof(on));
return sockfd;
}
static int bindSocketAddr(int sockfd, const char* ip, int port)
{
struct sockaddr_in addr;
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(port);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);
if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0)
return -1;
return 0;
}
static int acceptClient(int sockfd, char* ip, int* port)
{
int clientfd;
socklen_t len = 0;
struct sockaddr_in addr;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
len = sizeof(addr);
clientfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &len);
if(clientfd < 0)
return -1;
strcpy(ip, inet_ntoa(addr.sin_addr));
*port = ntohs(addr.sin_port);
return clientfd;
}
static int RTSP_HandleMethodOPTIONS(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
sprintf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_OutBuffer,
"RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
"CSeq: %d\r\n"
"Public: OPTIONS, DESCRIBE, SETUP, PLAY\r\n"
"\r\n",
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_cseq);
return 0;
}
static int RTSP_HandleMethodDESCRIBE(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
char sdp[500];
char localIp[100];
char url[255];
sscanf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_InBuffer, "%*s %256s",url);
sscanf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_InBuffer, "DESCRIBE rtsp://%[^:]:", localIp);
sprintf(sdp, "v=0\r\n"
"o=- 9%ld 1 IN IP4 %s\r\n"
"t=0 0\r\n"
"a=control:*\r\n"
"m=video 0 RTP/AVP 96\r\n"
"a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000\r\n"
"a=control:track0\r\n",
time(NULL), localIp);
sprintf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_OutBuffer,
"RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
"CSeq: %d\r\n"
"Content-Base: %s\r\n"
"Content-type: application/sdp\r\n"
"Content-length: %d\r\n\r\n"
"%s",
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_cseq,
url,
strlen(sdp),
sdp);
return 0;
}
static int RTSP_HandleMethodSETUP(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
char *p = NULL;
if((p = strstr(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_InBuffer,HDR_TRANSPORT)))
{
sscanf(p, "Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=%d-%d\r\n",
&pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_clientRtpPort, &pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_clientRtcpPort);
}
sprintf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_OutBuffer,
"RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
"CSeq: %d\r\n"
"Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=%d-%d;server_port=%d-%d\r\n"
"Session: 66334873\r\n"
"\r\n",
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_cseq,
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_clientRtpPort,
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_clientRtcpPort,
SERVER_RTP_PORT,
SERVER_RTCP_PORT);
return 0;
}
static int RTSP_HandleMethodPLAY(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
sprintf(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_OutBuffer,
"RTSP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"
"CSeq: %d\r\n"
"Range: npt=0.000-\r\n"
"Session: 66334873; timeout=60\r\n"
"\r\n",
pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_cseq);
return 0;
}
static int RTSP_HandleMethod(RTSP_HDR_PARAM* pstRtspHdrParam)
{
if(!strcmp(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_method,RTSP_METHOD_OPTIONS))
{
if(RTSP_HandleMethodOPTIONS(pstRtspHdrParam))
{
printf("failed to handle OPTIONS\n");
return -1;
}
}
else if(!strcmp(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_method,RTSP_METHOD_DESCRIBE))
{
if(RTSP_HandleMethodDESCRIBE(pstRtspHdrParam))
{
printf("failed to handle DESCRIBE\n");
return -1;
}
}
else if(!strcmp(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_method,RTSP_METHOD_SETUP))
{
if(RTSP_HandleMethodSETUP(pstRtspHdrParam))
{
printf("failed to handle SETUP\n");
return -1;
}
}
else if(!strcmp(pstRtspHdrParam->rtsp_method,RTSP_METHOD_PLAY))
{
if(RTSP_HandleMethodPLAY(pstRtspHdrParam))
{
printf("failed to handle PLAY\n");
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
*OPTIONS rtsp://10.1.74.190:8554 RTSP/1.0
*CSeq: 2
*User-Agent: LibVLC/3.0.4 (LIVE555 Streaming Media v2016.11.28)
*
*DESCRIBE rtsp://10.1.74.190:8554 RTSP/1.0
*CSeq: 3
*User-Agent: LibVLC/3.0.4 (LIVE555 Streaming Media v2016.11.28)
*Accept: application/sdp
*
*
*SETUP rtsp://10.1.74.190:8554/track0 RTSP/1.0
*CSeq: 4
*User-Agent: LibVLC/3.0.4 (LIVE555 Streaming Media v2016.11.28)
*Transport: RTP/AVP;unicast;client_port=63244-63245
*
*PLAY rtsp://10.1.74.190:8554 RTSP/1.0
*CSeq: 5
*User-Agent: LibVLC/3.0.4 (LIVE555 Streaming Media v2016.11.28)
*Session: 66334873
*Range: npt=0.000-
*
*/
static void doClient(int clientSockfd, const char* clientIP, int clientPort,
int serverRtpSockfd, int serverRtcpSockfd)
{
int recvLen;
int iRet = -1;
char *p = NULL;
RTSP_HDR_PARAM stRtspHdrParam;
while(1)
{
recvLen = recv(clientSockfd, stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_InBuffer, BUF_MAX_SIZE, 0);
if(recvLen <= 0)
goto out;
stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_InBuffer[recvLen] = '\0';
printf("---------------C->S--------------\n");
printf("%s\n",stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_InBuffer);
if (!sscanf(stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_InBuffer, "%s",stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_method))
{
printf("prase url failed\n");
goto out;
}
if((p = strstr(stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_InBuffer,HDR_CSEQ)) != NULL)
{
if(!sscanf(p, "%*s %d",&stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_cseq))
{
printf("prase Cseq failed\n");
goto out;
}
}
iRet = RTSP_HandleMethod(&stRtspHdrParam);
if(iRet != 0)
{
printf("RTSP_HandleMethod failed\n");
goto out;
}
printf("---------------S->C--------------\n");
printf("%s\n",stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_OutBuffer);
send(clientSockfd, stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_OutBuffer, strlen(stRtspHdrParam.rtsp_OutBuffer), 0);
}
out:
close(clientSockfd);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int serverSockfd;
int serverRtpSockfd, serverRtcpSockfd;
int ret;
/* 1. 创建TCP socket */
serverSockfd = createTcpSocket();
if(serverSockfd < 0)
{
printf("failed to create tcp socket\n");
return -1;
}
/* 2. 绑定TCP socket */
ret = bindSocketAddr(serverSockfd, "0.0.0.0", SERVER_PORT);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("failed to bind addr\n");
return -1;
}
/* 3. 监听 */
ret = listen(serverSockfd, 10);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("failed to listen\n");
return -1;
}
/* 4. 创建UDP socket */
serverRtpSockfd = createUdpSocket();
serverRtcpSockfd = createUdpSocket();
if(serverRtpSockfd < 0 || serverRtcpSockfd < 0)
{
printf("failed to create udp socket\n");
return -1;
}
/* 5. 绑定UDP socket */
if(bindSocketAddr(serverRtpSockfd, "0.0.0.0", SERVER_RTP_PORT) < 0 ||
bindSocketAddr(serverRtcpSockfd, "0.0.0.0", SERVER_RTCP_PORT) < 0)
{
printf("failed to bind addr\n");
return -1;
}
while(1)
{
int clientSockfd;
char clientIp[40];
int clientPort;
clientSockfd = acceptClient(serverSockfd, clientIp, &clientPort);
if(clientSockfd < 0)
{
printf("failed to accept client\n");
return -1;
}
printf("accept client;client ip:%s,client port:%d\n", clientIp, clientPort);
doClient(clientSockfd, clientIp, clientPort, serverRtpSockfd, serverRtcpSockfd);
}
}