本文以 usbkbd.c 为例,分析 usb 键盘驱动程序。
- static int __init usb_kbd_init(void)
- {
- int result = usb_register(&usb_kbd_driver);
- if (result == 0)
- printk(KERN_INFO KBUILD_MODNAME ": " DRIVER_VERSION ":"
- DRIVER_DESC "\n");
- return result;
- }
- static struct usb_driver usb_kbd_driver = {
- .name = "usbkbd",
- .probe = usb_kbd_probe,
- .disconnect = usb_kbd_disconnect,
- .id_table = usb_kbd_id_table,
- };
- static struct usb_device_id usb_kbd_id_table [] = {
- { USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_INTERFACE_CLASS_HID, USB_INTERFACE_SUBCLASS_BOOT,
- USB_INTERFACE_PROTOCOL_KEYBOARD) },
- { } /* Terminating entry */
- };
下面来看probe函数
- static int usb_kbd_probe(struct usb_interface *iface,
- const struct usb_device_id *id)
- {
- /* 获得usb_device */
- struct usb_device *dev = interface_to_usbdev(iface);
- /* 接口的设置 */
- struct usb_host_interface *interface;
- /* 端点描述符 */
- struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
- /* 键盘结构体 */
- struct usb_kbd *kbd;
- /* 输入设备 */
- struct input_dev *input_dev;
- int i, pipe, maxp;
- int error = -ENOMEM;
- /* 获取该接口当前的设置 */
- interface = iface->cur_altsetting;
- /* 如果当前设置的端点数量不是1,那么错误,返回 */
- if (interface->desc.bNumEndpoints != 1)
- return -ENODEV;
- /* 如果当前设置第一个端点的类型不是中断端点,错误,返回 */
- endpoint = &interface->endpoint[0].desc;
- if (!usb_endpoint_is_int_in(endpoint))
- return -ENODEV;
- /* 第一个端点的管道 */
- pipe = usb_rcvintpipe(dev, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
- /* 最大传输包大小 */
- maxp = usb_maxpacket(dev, pipe, usb_pipeout(pipe));
- /* 为键盘结构体分配空间 */
- kbd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct usb_kbd), GFP_KERNEL);
- /* 分配一个输入设备 */
- input_dev = input_allocate_device();
- /*
- kbd->irq = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL)
- kbd->led = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL)
- kbd->new = usb_buffer_alloc(dev, 8, GFP_ATOMIC, &kbd->new_dma)
- kbd->cr = usb_buffer_alloc(dev, sizeof(struct usb_ctrlrequest), GFP_ATOMIC, &kbd->cr_dma)
- kbd->leds = usb_buffer_alloc(dev, 1, GFP_ATOMIC, &kbd->leds_dma)
- */
- if (usb_kbd_alloc_mem(dev, kbd))
- goto fail2;
- /* 填充键盘结构体。以及一些字符串 */
- kbd->usbdev = dev;
- kbd->dev = input_dev;
- if (dev->manufacturer)
- strlcpy(kbd->name, dev->manufacturer, sizeof(kbd->name));
- if (dev->product) {
- if (dev->manufacturer)
- strlcat(kbd->name, " ", sizeof(kbd->name));
- strlcat(kbd->name, dev->product, sizeof(kbd->name));
- }
- if (!strlen(kbd->name))
- snprintf(kbd->name, sizeof(kbd->name),
- "USB HIDBP Keyboard %04x:%04x",
- le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idVendor),
- le16_to_cpu(dev->descriptor.idProduct));
- usb_make_path(dev, kbd->phys, sizeof(kbd->phys));
- strlcpy(kbd->phys, "/input0", sizeof(kbd->phys));
- /* 填充输入设备 */
- input_dev->name = kbd->name;
- input_dev->phys = kbd->phys;
- usb_to_input_id(dev, &input_dev->id);
- input_dev->dev.parent = &iface->dev;
- input_set_drvdata(input_dev, kbd);
- /* 设置它支持的事件类型和具体事件 1、按键类事件 2、LED灯(大小写灯等)3、重复上报*/
- input_dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_LED) |
- BIT_MASK(EV_REP);
- input_dev->ledbit[0] = BIT_MASK(LED_NUML) | BIT_MASK(LED_CAPSL) |
- BIT_MASK(LED_SCROLLL) | BIT_MASK(LED_COMPOSE) |
- BIT_MASK(LED_KANA);
- for (i = 0; i < 255; i++)
- set_bit(usb_kbd_keycode[i], input_dev->keybit);
- clear_bit(0, input_dev->keybit);
- /* 对于LED类型的事件,首先会调用到dev->event 然后再调用事件处理层的event */
- input_dev->event = usb_kbd_event;
- input_dev->open = usb_kbd_open;
- input_dev->close = usb_kbd_close;
- /* 填充中断类型Urb */
- usb_fill_int_urb(kbd->irq, dev, pipe,
- kbd->new, (maxp > 8 ? 8 : maxp),
- usb_kbd_irq, kbd, endpoint->bInterval);
- kbd->irq->transfer_dma = kbd->new_dma;
- kbd->irq->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
- /*
- * bit7 控制传输 data 阶段的方向 0 主机到设备 1设备到主机, 这里 0 主机到设备
- * bit5-6 表示 request 类型,是标准的还是厂家定义的, 这里为hid class定义
- * bit0-4 表示这个请求针对的是设备、接口还是端点 , 这里是接口
- */
- kbd->cr->bRequestType = USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE; // 0x01 << 5 |
- /*
- #define USB_REQ_GET_STATUS 0x00
- #define USB_REQ_CLEAR_FEATURE 0x01
- #define USB_REQ_SET_FEATURE 0x03
- #define USB_REQ_SET_ADDRESS 0x05
- #define USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR 0x06
- #define USB_REQ_SET_DESCRIPTOR 0x07
- #define USB_REQ_GET_CONFIGURATION 0x08
- #define USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION 0x09
- #define USB_REQ_GET_INTERFACE 0x0A
- #define USB_REQ_SET_INTERFACE 0x0B
- #define USB_REQ_SYNCH_FRAME 0x0C
- */
- kbd->cr->bRequest = USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION;
- /* request 的参数 */
- kbd->cr->wValue = cpu_to_le16(0x200);
- /* bRequestType 中,针对接口、端点时,它表示那个接口或端点 */
- kbd->cr->wIndex = cpu_to_le16(interface->desc.bInterfaceNumber);
- /* data阶段数据长度 */
- kbd->cr->wLength = cpu_to_le16(1);
- /*
- static inline void usb_fill_control_urb(
- struct urb *urb,
- struct usb_device *dev,
- unsigned int pipe,
- unsigned char *setup_packet,
- void *transfer_buffer,
- int buffer_length,
- usb_complete_t complete_fn,
- void *context)
- */
- /* 这里使用的是默认端点0 */
- usb_fill_control_urb(kbd->led, dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),(void *) kbd->cr, kbd->leds, 1, usb_kbd_led, kbd);
- kbd->led->setup_dma = kbd->cr_dma;
- kbd->led->transfer_dma = kbd->leds_dma;
- kbd->led->transfer_flags |= (URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP | URB_NO_SETUP_DMA_MAP);
- error = input_register_device(kbd->dev);
- usb_set_intfdata(iface, kbd);
- return 0;
- }
- static int usb_kbd_open(struct input_dev *dev)
- {
- struct usb_kbd *kbd = input_get_drvdata(dev);
- kbd->irq->dev = kbd->usbdev;
- if (usb_submit_urb(kbd->irq, GFP_KERNEL))
- return -EIO;
- return 0;
- }
- static void usb_kbd_irq(struct urb *urb)
- {
- struct usb_kbd *kbd = urb->context;
- int i;
- switch (urb->status) {
- case 0: /* success */
- break;
- case -ECONNRESET: /* unlink */
- case -ENOENT:
- case -ESHUTDOWN:
- return;
- /* -EPIPE: should clear the halt */
- default: /* error */
- goto resubmit;
- }
- //报告usb_kbd_keycode[224..231]8按键状态
- //KEY_LEFTCTRL,KEY_LEFTSHIFT,KEY_LEFTALT,KEY_LEFTMETA,
- //KEY_RIGHTCTRL,KEY_RIGHTSHIFT,KEY_RIGHTALT,KEY_RIGHTMETA
- for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
- input_report_key(kbd->dev, usb_kbd_keycode[i + 224], (kbd->new[0] >> i) & 1);
- //若同时只按下1个按键则在第[2]个字节,若同时有两个按键则第二个在第[3]字节,类推最多可有6个按键同时按下
- for (i = 2; i < 8; i++) {
- //获取键盘离开的中断
- //同时没有该KEY的按下状态
- if (kbd->old[i] > 3 && memscan(kbd->new + 2, kbd->old[i], 6) == kbd->new + 8) {
- if (usb_kbd_keycode[kbd->old[i]])
- input_report_key(kbd->dev, usb_kbd_keycode[kbd->old[i]], 0);
- else
- hid_info(urb->dev,
- "Unknown key (scancode %#x) released.\n",
- kbd->old[i]);
- }
- //获取键盘按下的中断
- //同时没有该KEY的离开状态
- if (kbd->new[i] > 3 && memscan(kbd->old + 2, kbd->new[i], 6) == kbd->old + 8) {
- if (usb_kbd_keycode[kbd->new[i]])
- input_report_key(kbd->dev, usb_kbd_keycode[kbd->new[i]], 1);
- else
- hid_info(urb->dev,
- "Unknown key (scancode %#x) released.\n",
- kbd->new[i]);
- }
- }
- input_sync(kbd->dev); //同步设备,告知事件的接收者驱动已经发出了一个完整的报告
- memcpy(kbd->old, kbd->new, 8); //防止未松开时被当成新的按键处理
- resubmit:
- i = usb_submit_urb (urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
- if (i)
- hid_err(urb->dev, "can't resubmit intr, %s-%s/input0, status %d",
- kbd->usbdev->bus->bus_name,
- kbd->usbdev->devpath, i);
- }
- static int usb_kbd_event(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int type,
- unsigned int code, int value)
- {
- struct usb_kbd *kbd = input_get_drvdata(dev);
- if (type != EV_LED)
- return -1;
- kbd->newleds = (!!test_bit(LED_KANA, dev->led) << 3) | (!!test_bit(LED_COMPOSE, dev->led) << 3) |
- (!!test_bit(LED_SCROLLL, dev->led) << 2) | (!!test_bit(LED_CAPSL, dev->led) << 1) |
- (!!test_bit(LED_NUML, dev->led));
- if (kbd->led->status == -EINPROGRESS)
- return 0;
- if (*(kbd->leds) == kbd->newleds)
- return 0;
- *(kbd->leds) = kbd->newleds;
- kbd->led->dev = kbd->usbdev;
- if (usb_submit_urb(kbd->led, GFP_ATOMIC))
- err_hid("usb_submit_urb(leds) failed");
- return 0;
- }
- static void usb_kbd_led(struct urb *urb)
- {
- struct usb_kbd *kbd = urb->context;
- if (urb->status)
- dev_warn(&urb->dev->dev, "led urb status %d received\n",
- urb->status);
- if (*(kbd->leds) == kbd->newleds)
- return;
- *(kbd->leds) = kbd->newleds;
- kbd->led->dev = kbd->usbdev;
- if (usb_submit_urb(kbd->led, GFP_ATOMIC))
- err_hid("usb_submit_urb(leds) failed");
- }
此篇文章存在诸多疑问,如果有大神看到,还请解答一下。