线程安全-计数器

1、计数器实现存在线程安全问题，主要由于value++非原子性操作导致

import java.util.Random;

public class Sequence {
	
	private int value;
	
	public int getNext(){
		return value++;
	}
	
	//测试
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Sequence seq = new Sequence();
		//创建多个线程
		for(int i = 0 ;i < 3;i++){
			new Thread(new Runnable(){
			@Override
			public void run() {
				while(true){
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +"==="+ seq.getNext());
					try {
						Thread.sleep(50 * (new Random().nextInt(5)+1));
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
				}
				
			}).start();
		}
	}
	
}

运行结果：无法保证返回结果唯一性

Thread-0===0
Thread-2===1
Thread-1===2
Thread-2===3
Thread-1===4
Thread-2===5
Thread-0===6
Thread-2===7
Thread-0===7
Thread-0===8
Thread-1===9
Thread-1===10
Thread-2===10
Thread-0===11
Thread-0===12

2、对非原子操作使用同步synchronized，保证某一时刻只有一个线程在操作。

public synchronized int getNext(){
        return value++;
 }

3、使用jdk提供的原子类来解决

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class Sequence {

	private AtomicInteger value = new AtomicInteger(0);

	public int getNext() {
		return value.incrementAndGet();
	}

	// 测试
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Sequence seq = new Sequence();
		// 创建多个线程
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			new Thread(new Runnable() {
				@Override
				public void run() {
					while (true) {
						System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "===" + seq.getNext());
						try {
							Thread.sleep(50 * (new Random().nextInt(5) + 1));
						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
							e.printStackTrace();
						}
					}
				}

			}).start();
		}
	}

}