salt-ssh与Saltstack进阶

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于 2021-11-29 23:05:08 发布

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分类专栏： saltstack 文章标签： linux php mysql

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yanghx2/article/details/121621576

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Saltstack之salt-ssh

salt-ssh介绍

salt-ssh可以让我们不需要在受控机上安装salt-minion客户端也能够实现管理操作。

salt-ssh的特点

远程系统需要Python支持，除非使用-r选项发送原始ssh命令
salt-ssh是一个软件包，需安装之后才能使用，命令本身也是salt-ssh
salt-ssh不会取代标准的Salt通信系统，它只是提供了一个基于SSH的替代方案，不需要ZeroMQ和agent
请注意，由于所有与Salt SSH的通信都是通过SSH执行的，因此它比使用ZeroMQ的标准Salt慢得多

salt-ssh远程管理的方式
salt-ssh有两种方式实现远程管理，一种是在配置文件中记录所有客户端的信息，诸如 IP 地址、端口号、用户名、密码以及是否支持sudo等；另一种是使用密钥实现远程管理，不需要输入密码。

通过salt-ssh安装salt-minion

[root@master ~]# yum -y install salt-ssh
AppStream                                                                                              1.7 MB/s | 4.4 kB     00:00    
BaseOS                                                                                                 1.9 MB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00    
MySQL Connectors Community                                                                             1.6 kB/s | 2.6 kB     00:01    
MySQL Tools Community                                                                                  5.4 kB/s | 2.6 kB     00:00    
MySQL 5.7 Community Server                                                                             1.3 kB/s | 2.6 kB     00:02    
Salt repo for RHEL/CentOS 8 PY3                                                                        1.3 kB/s | 3.0 kB     00:02    
依赖关系解决。
=======================================================================================================================================
 软件包                        架构                        版本                            仓库                                   大小
=======================================================================================================================================
安装:
 salt-ssh                      noarch                      3004-1.el8                      salt-latest-repo                       25 k

事务概要
=======================================================================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总下载：25 k
安装大小：4.1 k
下载软件包：
salt-ssh-3004-1.el8.noarch.rpm                                                                          16 kB/s |  25 kB     00:01    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                                                                    16 kB/s |  25 kB     00:01     
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
  准备中  :                                                                                                                        1/1 
  安装    : salt-ssh-3004-1.el8.noarch                                                                                             1/1 
  运行脚本: salt-ssh-3004-1.el8.noarch                                                                                             1/1 
  验证    : salt-ssh-3004-1.el8.noarch                                                                                             1/1 
Installed products updated.

已安装:
  salt-ssh-3004-1.el8.noarch                                                                                                           

完毕！
[root@master ~]#  vim /etc/salt/roster
[root@master ~]#  vim /etc/salt/master
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base
[root@master ~]# systemctl status  salt-master
● salt-master.service - The Salt Master Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-master.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 19:18:47 CST; 3 weeks 6 days ago
     Docs: man:salt-master(1)
           file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
           https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html
 Main PID: 3501947 (salt-master)
    Tasks: 38 (limit: 11070)
   Memory: 110.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/salt-master.service
           ├─ 443902 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501947 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501954 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501982 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501985 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501986 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501987 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501988 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501995 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501996 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501997 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           ├─3501998 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master
           └─3502001 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-master

11月 02 19:18:47 master systemd[1]: Starting The Salt Master Server...
11月 02 19:18:47 master systemd[1]: Started The Salt Master Server.
11月 02 19:26:59 master salt-master[3501947]: [ERROR   ] Event iteration failed with exception: 'list' object has no attribute 'items'

[5]+  已停止               systemctl status salt-master
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# ls
apache.sls  top.sls  web
[root@master base]# mkdir minion
[root@master base]# ls
apache.sls  minion  top.sls  web
[root@master base]# mkdir minion/files
[root@master base]# touch minion/install.sls
[root@master base]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo minion/files/
[root@master base]# cp /etc/salt/minion minion/files/
[root@master base]# tree
.
├── apache.sls
├── minion
│   ├── files
│   │   ├── minion
│   │   └── salt.repo
│   └── install.sls
├── top.sls
└── web
    └── apache
        ├── apache.sls
        └── install.sls

4 directories, 7 files
[root@master base]# vim minion/files/minion
[root@master base]# cat minion/install.sls
[root@master base]# vim minion/install.sls
[root@master base]# cat minion/install.sls
alt-repo-cp:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
    - source: salt://minion/files/salt.repo
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

salt-minion-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: salt-minion

salt-minion-conf:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/salt/minion
    - source: salt://minion/files/minion
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - require:
      - pkg: salt-minion-install

salt-minion-service:
  service.running:
    - name: salt-minion
    - enable: True
    - start: True
    - watch:
      - file: /etc/salt/minion
[root@master base]# salt-ssh 'minion' state.sls minion.install
i^H^Hminion:
    ssh: connect to host 192.168.197.128 port 22: Connection timed out
[root@master base]#  salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
master
minion
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
[root@master base]# salt-key -ya node1
The key glob 'node1' does not match any unaccepted keys.
[root@master base]# salt-key -ya minion
The key glob 'minion' does not match any unaccepted keys.
[root@master base]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
master
minion
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:

masterless

(无salt-master模式)

应用场景

master 与 minion 网络不通或通信有延迟，即网络不稳定
想在 minion 端直接执行状态
传统的 SaltStack 是需要通过 master 来执行状态控制 minion 从而实现状态的管理，但是当网络不稳定的时候，当想在minion本地执行状态的时候，当在只有一台主机的时候，想执行状态该怎么办呢？这就需要用到 masterless 了。

有了masterless，即使你只有一台主机，也能玩saltstack，而不需要你有N台主机。

masterless配置
修改配置文件minion：

注释master行
取消注释file_client并设其值为local
设置file_roots
设置pillar_roots

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
 16 #master: salt            # 注释掉
 17 #master: 192.168.197.131  # 注释掉
......
608 # minion in masterless mode.
609  file_client: local  # 取消注释，并将remote改为local
......
615 # Example:
616  file_roots:             # 设置file_roots的路径和环境，可有多套环境
617    base:                
618      - /srv/salt/base    
......

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl disable --now salt-minion
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-minion.service.

salt-call
masterless模式执行模块或状态时需要使用salt-call命令，而不再是salt或者salt-ssh。需要注意的是要使用salt-call的–local选项。

[root@node1 ~]# salt-call --local cmd.run 'uptime'
local:
     03:35:29 up  1:28,  3 users,  load average: 0.24, 0.10, 0.12
     
[root@node1 ~]# salt-call --local cmd.run "ls -l /root"
local:
    total 4
    -rw-------. 1 root root 1023 Sep 24 04:52 anaconda-ks.cfg

salt-master高可用

我们需要用salt来管理公司的所有机器，那么salt的master就不能宕机，否则就会整个瘫痪，所以我们必须要对salt进行高可用。salt的高可用配置非常简单，只需要改一下minion配置文件，将master用列表的形式列出即可。

涉及到高可用时，数据的同步是个永恒的话题，我们必须保证高可用的2个master间使用的数据是一致的，包括：

将master上面的/etc/salt/master配置文件复制到master2上保证一致

[root@master ~]# scp /etc/salt/master 192.168.197.131:/etc/salt/master
The authenticity of host '192.168.197.131 (192.168.197.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:qGo2KBhH76C5Wuc1GcoWxBn7Gua5/QoSQQefFVgb9Yo.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.197.131' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.197.131's password: 
master                                                       100%   52KB  24.9MB/s   00:00    
[root@master ~]# scp -r /etc/salt/pki/master 192.168.197.131:/etc/salt/pki/master
root@192.168.197.129's password: 
minion                                                       100%  451   410.1KB/s   00:00    
master                                                       100%  451   783.8KB/s   00:00    
node2                                                        100%  451   395.3KB/s   00:00    
node1                                                        100%  451   210.9KB/s   00:00    
master.pem                                                   100% 1679     1.6MB/s   00:00    
master.pub                                                   100%  451   779.8KB/s   00:00 


[root@master2 pki]# tree
.
├── master
│   └── master
│       ├── master.pem
│       ├── master.pub
│       ├── minions
│       │   ├── master
│       │   ├── minion
│       │   ├── node1
│       │   └── node2
│       ├── minions_autosign
│       ├── minions_denied
│       ├── minions_pre
│       └── minions_rejected
└── minion

8 directories, 6 files
将master上面的/srv/下的salt和pillar目录下的所有文件复制到master2上保证一致
[root@master ~]# scp -r /etc/salt/pki/master 192.168.101.200:/etc/salt/pki/master
[root@master2 ~]# systemctl enable --now salt-master.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/salt-master.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-master.service.
[root@node2 pki]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
 16 #master: salt
 17  master:
 18    - 192.168.197.131  # 主
 19    - 192.168.197.129  # 备
......
 49 # beacons) without a master connection
 50  master_type: failover     # 取消注释，将str改为failover(故障转移)
......
55 # of TCP connections, such as load balancers.)
56  master_alive_interval: 10  # 默认是30s,故障转移切换时间(以秒为单位)，用于检查主服务器是否仍然存在。如果master_type上面是“failover”，那么就会被启用。
......
74  retry_dns: 0  # 设置在尝试解析之前等待的秒数,默认为30秒
# 重启salt-minion
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service 
[root@master ~]# salt minion test.ping
minion:
    True
[root@master2 ~]# salt minion test.ping
No minions matched the target. No command was sent, no jid was assigned.
ERROR: No return received

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop salt-master.service 
[root@master2 ~]# salt minion test.ping
minion:
    True

salt-syndic部署

syndic1
[root@syndic1 ~]# yum -y install salt-master salt-syndic
syndic2
[root@syndic2 ~]# yum -y install salt-master salt-syndic
node1
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install salt-minion
node2
[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install salt-minion
配置master
修改主master的master配置文件
取消注释order_master
将order_master的值设为True
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
# masters' syndic interfaces.
 order_masters: True            # 修改(不要顶格)
# 重启
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
配置syndic
修改syndic所在主机的master配置文件（syndic2同样操作）

取消注释syndic_master
将syndic_master的值设为主master的IP
[root@syndic1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
1080 # this master where to receive commands from.
1081  syndic_master: 192.168.197.131   # 指向主masterIP

# 启动
[root@syndic1 ~]# systemctl start salt-syndic
[root@syndic1 ~]# systemctl start salt-master
配置minion
配置minion，将master指向syndic所在主机
node1
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
# resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
master: 192.168.197.129   # IP指向syndic1
......
# 启动
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start salt-minion

node2
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
 15 # resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
 16 master: 192.168.197.132    # IP指向syndic2
 ....
 # 启动
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start salt-minion 
[root@syndic1 ~]# salt-key -L         # 查看key
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
node1                  
Rejected Keys:
[root@syndic1 ~]# salt-key -ya node1   # 接收key
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node1
Key for minion node1 accepted.
[root@syndic1 ~]# salt-key -L         # 确认已接收
Accepted Keys:
node1
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
[root@syndic2 ~]# salt-key -L   # 查看key
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
node2
Rejected Keys:
[root@syndic2 ~]# salt-key -yA   # 接收key
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node2
Key for minion node2 accepted.
[root@syndic2 ~]# salt-key -L   # 确认已接收
Accepted Keys:
node2
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
主master接收syndic的key
[root@master ~]# salt-key -L    # 查看
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
syndic1
syndic2
Rejected Keys:
[root@master ~]# salt-key -yA   # 接收所有
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
syndic1
syndic2
Key for minion syndic1 accepted.
Key for minion syndic2 accepted.
[root@master ~]# salt-key -L    # 确认已接收
Accepted Keys:
syndic1
syndic2
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:
主master测试 ping
[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
node1:
    True
node2:
    True

同步数据
将主master的srv目录同步到syndic主机上，启用syndic主机配置文件中的file_roots和pillar_roots
重启syndic的master，syndic

[root@master ~]# scp -r /srv/* 192.168.101.120:/srv/   # 同步到syndic1

[root@master ~]# scp -r /srv/* 192.168.101.200:/srv/   # 同步到syndic2

# 修改syndic主机配置文件/etc/salt/master
(syndic2操作一致)
[root@syndic1 srv]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
 667  file_roots:               # 取消对应注释
 668    base:
 669      - /srv/salt/base
 670 #   dev:
 671 #     - /srv/salt/dev/services
 672 #     - /srv/salt/dev/states
 673    prod:
 674      - /srv/salt/prod
 675 #     - /srv/salt/prod/states
 ......
 # 重启
[root@syndic1 srv]# systemctl restart salt-master
[root@syndic1 srv]# systemctl restart salt-syndic

主master测试连通性

[root@master ~]# salt '*' test.ping
node1:
    True
node2:
    True

快乐风男！

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salt-ssh与Saltstack进阶

Saltstack之salt-sshsalt-ssh介绍salt-ssh可以让我们不需要在受控机上安装salt-minion客户端也能够实现管理操作。salt-ssh的特点远程系统需要Python支持，除非使用-r选项发送原始ssh命令salt-ssh是一个软件包，需安装之后才能使用，命令本身也是salt-sshsalt-ssh不会取代标准的Salt通信系统，它只是提供了一个基于SSH的替代方案，不需要ZeroMQ和agent请注意，由于所有与Salt SSH的通信都是通过SSH执行的，因此它
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