docker网络的配置
Linux内核实现名称空间的创建
ip netns命令
可以借助ip netns命令来完成对 Network Namespace 的各种操作。ip netns命令来自于iproute安装包,一般系统会默认安装,如果没有的话,请自行安装。
注意:ip netns命令修改网络配置时需要 sudo 权限。
可以通过ip netns命令完成对Network Namespace 的相关操作,可以通过ip netns help查看命令帮助信息:
[root@master ~]# ip netns help
Usage: ip netns list
ip netns add NAME
ip netns attach NAME PID
ip netns set NAME NETNSID
ip [-all] netns delete [NAME]
ip netns identify [PID]
ip netns pids NAME
ip [-all] netns exec [NAME] cmd ...
ip netns monitor
ip netns list-id [target-nsid POSITIVE-INT] [nsid POSITIVE-INT]
NETNSID := auto | POSITIVE-INT
[root@master ~]# ip netns list
[root@master ~]# ip netns add ns0
[root@master ~]# ip netns list
ns0
[root@master ~]# ls /var/run/netns
ns0
[root@master ~]# ip netns add ns0
Cannot create namespace file "/var/run/netns/ns0": File exists
[root@master ~]# touch /var/run/netns/ns1
[root@master ~]# ip netns list
Error: Peer netns reference is invalid.
Error: Peer netns reference is invalid.
ns1
ns0
[root@master ~]# ip netns del ns1
[root@master ~]# ip netns list
ns0
操作Network Namespace
ip命令提供了ip netns exec子命令可以在对应的 Network Namespace 中执行命令。
查看新创建 Network Namespace 的网卡信息
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
可以看到,新创建的Network Namespace中会默认创建一个lo回环网卡,此时网卡处于关闭状态。此时,尝试去 ping 该lo回环网卡,会提示Network is unreachable
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1
connect: 网络不可达
通过下面的命令启用lo回环网卡
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set lo up
[root@master ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.024 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms
转移设备
我们可以在不同的 Network Namespace 之间转移设备(如veth)。由于一个设备只能属于一个 Network Namespace ,所以转移后在这个 Network Namespace 内就看不到这个设备了。
其中,veth设备属于可转移设备,而很多其它设备(如lo、vxlan、ppp、bridge等)是不可以转移的。
veth pair
veth pair 全称是 Virtual Ethernet Pair,是一个成对的端口,所有从这对端口一 端进入的数据包都将从另一端出来,反之也是一样。
引入veth pair是为了在不同的 Network Namespace 直接进行通信,利用它可以直接将两个 Network Namespace 连接起来。
创建veth pair
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:d7:ce:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.197.131/24 brd 192.168.197.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1522sec preferred_lft 1522sec
inet6 fe80::1f2f:a9f9:78a7:7cc/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:b8:38:aa:7d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:b8ff:fe38:aa7d/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: veth2672252@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether ca:56:6c:07:de:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet6 fe80::c856:6cff:fe07:deaf/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# ip link add type veth
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:d7:ce:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.197.131/24 brd 192.168.197.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1499sec preferred_lft 1499sec
inet6 fe80::1f2f:a9f9:78a7:7cc/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:f1:42:78 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu