使用 Criteria 进行查询,主要要清晰的是 Hibernate 提供了那些类和方法来满足开发中查
询条件的创建和组装,下面介绍几种用法:
1. 创建一个Criteria 实例
org.hibernate.Criteria接口表示特定持久类的一个查询。Session是 Criteria实例的工厂。
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Criteria crit = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class);
crit.setMaxResults(50);
List cats = crit.list();
Criteria crit = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class);
crit.setMaxResults(50);
List cats = crit.list();
2. 限制结果集内容
一个单独的查询条件是org.hibernate.criterion.Criterion 接口的一个实例。
org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions类 定义了获得某些内置Criterion类型的工厂方法。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.add( Restrictions.between("weight", minWeight, maxWeight) )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.add( Restrictions.between("weight", minWeight, maxWeight) )
.list();
约束可以按逻辑分组。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.add( Restrictions.or(
Restrictions.eq( "age", new Integer(0) ),
Restrictions.isNull("age")
) )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.add( Restrictions.or(
Restrictions.eq( "age", new Integer(0) ),
Restrictions.isNull("age")
) )
.list();
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.in( "name", new String[] { "Fritz", "Izi", "Pk" } ) )
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( Restrictions.isNull("age") )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(0) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(1) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(2) ) )
) )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.in( "name", new String[] { "Fritz", "Izi", "Pk" } ) )
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( Restrictions.isNull("age") )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(0) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(1) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(2) ) )
) )
.list();
Hibernate提供了相当多的内置criterion类型(Restrictions 子类), 但是尤其有用的是可以允许
你直接使用SQL。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.sql("lower({alias}.name) like lower(?)", "Fritz%",
Hibernate.STRING) )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.sql("lower({alias}.name) like lower(?)", "Fritz%",
Hibernate.STRING) )
.list();
{alias}占位符应当被替换为被查询实体的列别名。
Property实例是获得一个条件的另外一种途径。你可以通过调用Property.forName() 创建一个
Property。
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Property age = Property.forName("age");
st cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( age.isNull() )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(0) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(1) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(2) ) )
) )
.add( Property.forName("name").in( new String[] { "Fritz", "Izi", "Pk" } ) )
.list();
Property age = Property.forName("age");
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( age.isNull() )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(0) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(1) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(2) ) )
) )
.add( Property.forName("name").in( new String[] { "Fritz", "Izi", "Pk" } ) )
.list();
3. 结果集排序
你可以使用org.hibernate.criterion.Order来为查询结果排序。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.addOrder( Order.asc("name") )
.addOrder( Order.desc("age") )
.setMaxResults(50)
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.addOrder( Order.asc("name") )
.addOrder( Order.desc("age") )
.setMaxResults(50)
.list();
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Property.forName("name").like("F%") )
.addOrder( Property.forName("name").asc() )
.addOrder( Property.forName("age").desc() )
.setMaxResults(50)
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Property.forName("name").like("F%") )
.addOrder( Property.forName("name").asc() )
.addOrder( Property.forName("age").desc() )
.setMaxResults(50)
.list();
4. 关联
你可以使用createCriteria()非常容易的在互相关联的实体间建立 约束。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.createCriteria("kittens")
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.createCriteria("kittens")
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.list();
注意第二个 createCriteria()返回一个新的 Criteria实例,该实例引用kittens 集合中的元素。
接下来,替换形态在某些情况下也是很有用的。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.createAlias("kittens", "kt")
.createAlias("mate", "mt")
.add( Restrictions.eqProperty("kt.name", "mt.name") )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.createAlias("kittens", "kt")
.createAlias("mate", "mt")
.add( Restrictions.eqProperty("kt.name", "mt.name") )
.list();
(createAlias()并不创建一个新的 Criteria实例。)
Cat实例所保存的之前两次查询所返回的kittens集合是 没有被条件预过滤的。如果你希望只获得
符合条件的kittens, 你必须使用returnMaps()。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.createCriteria("kittens", "kt")
.add( Restrictions.eq("name", "F%") )
.returnMaps()
.list();
Iterator iter = cats.iterator();
while ( iter.hasNext() ) {
Map map = (Map) iter.next();
Cat cat = (Cat) map.get(Criteria.ROOT_ALIAS);
Cat kitten = (Cat) map.get("kt");
}
5. 动态关联抓取
你可以使用setFetchMode()在运行时定义动态关联抓取的语义。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.setFetchMode("mate", FetchMode.EAGER)
.setFetchMode("kittens", FetchMode.EAGER)
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") ) .setFetchMode("mate", FetchMode.EAGER) .setFetchMode("kittens", FetchMode.EAGER) .list();
这个查询可以通过外连接抓取mate和kittens。
6. 查询示例
org.hibernate.criterion.Example类允许你通过一个给定实例 构建一个条件查询。
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Cat cat = new Cat();
cat.setSex('F');
cat.setColor(Color.BLACK);
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Example.create(cat) )
.list();
Cat cat = new Cat(); cat.setSex('F'); cat.setColor(Color.BLACK); List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Example.create(cat) ) .list();
版本属性、标识符和关联被忽略。默认情况下值为null的属性将被排除。
可以自行调整Example使之更实用。
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Example example = Example.create(cat)
.excludeZeroes() //exclude zero valued properties
.excludeProperty("color") //exclude the property named "color"
.ignoreCase() //perform case insensitive string comparisons
.enableLike(); //use like for string comparisons
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add(example)
.list();
Example example = Example.create(cat) .excludeZeroes() //exclude zero valued properties .excludeProperty("color") //exclude the property named "color" .ignoreCase() //perform case insensitive string comparisons .enableLike(); //use like for string comparisons List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add(example) .list();
甚至可以使用examples在关联对象上放置条件。
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Example.create(cat) )
.createCriteria("mate")
.add( Example.create( cat.getMate() ) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Example.create(cat) ) .createCriteria("mate") .add( Example.create( cat.getMate() ) ) .list();
7. 投影(Projections)、聚合(aggregation)和分组(grouping)
org.hibernate.criterion.Projections是 Projection 的实例工厂。我们通过调用
setProjection()应用投影到一个查询。
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.rowCount() )
.add( Restrictions.eq("color", Color.BLACK) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.rowCount() ) .add( Restrictions.eq("color", Color.BLACK) ) .list();
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount() )
.add( Projections.avg("weight") )
.add( Projections.max("weight") )
.add( Projections.groupProperty("color") )
)
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.projectionList() .add( Projections.rowCount() ) .add( Projections.avg("weight") ) .add( Projections.max("weight") ) .add( Projections.groupProperty("color") ) ) .list();
在一个条件查询中没有必要显式的使用 "group by" 。某些投影类型就是被定义为 分组投影,他
们也出现在SQL的group by子句中。
可以选择把一个别名指派给一个投影,这样可以使投影值被约束或排序所引用。下面是两种不同的
实现方式:
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.alias( Projections.groupProperty("color"), "colr" ) )
.addOrder( Order.asc("colr") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.alias( Projections.groupProperty("color"), "colr" ) ) .addOrder( Order.asc("colr") ) .list();
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.groupProperty("color").as("colr") )
.addOrder( Order.asc("colr") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.groupProperty("color").as("colr") ) .addOrder( Order.asc("colr") ) .list();
alias()和as()方法简便的将一个投影实例包装到另外一个 别名的Projection实例中。简而言之,
当你添加一个投影到一个投影列表中时 你可以为它指定一个别名:
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount(), "catCountByColor" )
.add( Projections.avg("weight"), "avgWeight" )
.add( Projections.max("weight"), "maxWeight" )
.add( Projections.groupProperty("color"), "color" )
)
.addOrder( Order.desc("catCountByColor") )
.addOrder( Order.desc("avgWeight") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.projectionList() .add( Projections.rowCount(), "catCountByColor" ) .add( Projections.avg("weight"), "avgWeight" ) .add( Projections.max("weight"), "maxWeight" ) .add( Projections.groupProperty("color"), "color" ) ) .addOrder( Order.desc("catCountByColor") ) .addOrder( Order.desc("avgWeight") ) .list();
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List results = session.createCriteria(Domestic.class, "cat")
.createAlias("kittens", "kit")
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.property("cat.name"), "catName" )
.add( Projections.property("kit.name"), "kitName" )
)
.addOrder( Order.asc("catName") )
.addOrder( Order.asc("kitName") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Domestic.class, "cat") .createAlias("kittens", "kit") .setProjection( Projections.projectionList() .add( Projections.property("cat.name"), "catName" ) .add( Projections.property("kit.name"), "kitName" ) ) .addOrder( Order.asc("catName") ) .addOrder( Order.asc("kitName") ) .list();
也可以使用Property.forName()来表示投影:
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Property.forName("name") )
.add( Property.forName("color").eq(Color.BLACK) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Property.forName("name") ) .add( Property.forName("color").eq(Color.BLACK) ) .list();
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount().as("catCountByColor") )
.add( Property.forName("weight").avg().as("avgWeight") )
.add( Property.forName("weight").max().as("maxWeight") )
.add( Property.forName("color").group().as("color" )
)
.addOrder( Order.desc("catCountByColor") )
.addOrder( Order.desc("avgWeight") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.projectionList() .add( Projections.rowCount().as("catCountByColor") ) .add( Property.forName("weight").avg().as("avgWeight") ) .add( Property.forName("weight").max().as("maxWeight") ) .add( Property.forName("color").group().as("color" ) ) .addOrder( Order.desc("catCountByColor") ) .addOrder( Order.desc("avgWeight") ) .list();
8. 离线(detached)查询和子查询
DetachedCriteria类使你在一个session范围之外创建一个查询,并且可以使用任意的 Session来
执行它。
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DetachedCriteria query = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class)
.add( Property.forName("sex").eq('F') );
//创建一个Session
Session session = .;
Transaction txn = session.beginTransaction();
List results = query.getExecutableCriteria(session).setMaxResults(100).list();
txn.commit();
session.close();
DetachedCriteria query = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class) .add( Property.forName("sex").eq('F') ); //创建一个Session Session session = .; Transaction txn = session.beginTransaction(); List results = query.getExecutableCriteria(session).setMaxResults(100).list(); txn.commit(); session.close();
DetachedCriteria也可以用以表示子查询。条件实例包含子查询可以通过 Subqueries或者
Property获得。
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DetachedCriteria avgWeight = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Property.forName("weight").avg() );
session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Property.forName("weight).gt(avgWeight) )
.list();
DetachedCriteria weights = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Property.forName("weight") );
session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Subqueries.geAll("weight", weights) )
.list();
DetachedCriteria avgWeight = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class) .setProjection( Property.forName("weight").avg() ); session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Property.forName("weight).gt(avgWeight) ) .list(); DetachedCriteria weights = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class) .setProjection( Property.forName("weight") ); session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Subqueries.geAll("weight", weights) ) .list();
相互关联的子查询也是有可能的:
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DetachedCriteria avgWeightForSex = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class, "cat2")
.setProjection( Property.forName("weight").avg() )
.add( Property.forName("cat2.sex").eqProperty("cat.sex") );
session.createCriteria(Cat.class, "cat")
.add( Property.forName("weight).gt(avgWeightForSex) )
.list();
询条件的创建和组装,下面介绍几种用法:
1. 创建一个Criteria 实例
org.hibernate.Criteria接口表示特定持久类的一个查询。Session是 Criteria实例的工厂。
查看复制到剪切板打印
Criteria crit = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class);
crit.setMaxResults(50);
List cats = crit.list();
Criteria crit = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class);
crit.setMaxResults(50);
List cats = crit.list();
2. 限制结果集内容
一个单独的查询条件是org.hibernate.criterion.Criterion 接口的一个实例。
org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions类 定义了获得某些内置Criterion类型的工厂方法。
查看复制到剪切板打印
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.add( Restrictions.between("weight", minWeight, maxWeight) )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.add( Restrictions.between("weight", minWeight, maxWeight) )
.list();
约束可以按逻辑分组。
查看复制到剪切板打印
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.add( Restrictions.or(
Restrictions.eq( "age", new Integer(0) ),
Restrictions.isNull("age")
) )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.add( Restrictions.or(
Restrictions.eq( "age", new Integer(0) ),
Restrictions.isNull("age")
) )
.list();
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.in( "name", new String[] { "Fritz", "Izi", "Pk" } ) )
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( Restrictions.isNull("age") )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(0) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(1) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(2) ) )
) )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.in( "name", new String[] { "Fritz", "Izi", "Pk" } ) )
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( Restrictions.isNull("age") )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(0) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(1) ) )
.add( Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(2) ) )
) )
.list();
Hibernate提供了相当多的内置criterion类型(Restrictions 子类), 但是尤其有用的是可以允许
你直接使用SQL。
查看复制到剪切板打印
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.sql("lower({alias}.name) like lower(?)", "Fritz%",
Hibernate.STRING) )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.sql("lower({alias}.name) like lower(?)", "Fritz%",
Hibernate.STRING) )
.list();
{alias}占位符应当被替换为被查询实体的列别名。
Property实例是获得一个条件的另外一种途径。你可以通过调用Property.forName() 创建一个
Property。
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Property age = Property.forName("age");
st cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( age.isNull() )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(0) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(1) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(2) ) )
) )
.add( Property.forName("name").in( new String[] { "Fritz", "Izi", "Pk" } ) )
.list();
Property age = Property.forName("age");
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.disjunction()
.add( age.isNull() )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(0) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(1) ) )
.add( age.eq( new Integer(2) ) )
) )
.add( Property.forName("name").in( new String[] { "Fritz", "Izi", "Pk" } ) )
.list();
3. 结果集排序
你可以使用org.hibernate.criterion.Order来为查询结果排序。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.addOrder( Order.asc("name") )
.addOrder( Order.desc("age") )
.setMaxResults(50)
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.addOrder( Order.asc("name") )
.addOrder( Order.desc("age") )
.setMaxResults(50)
.list();
查看复制到剪切板打印
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Property.forName("name").like("F%") )
.addOrder( Property.forName("name").asc() )
.addOrder( Property.forName("age").desc() )
.setMaxResults(50)
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Property.forName("name").like("F%") )
.addOrder( Property.forName("name").asc() )
.addOrder( Property.forName("age").desc() )
.setMaxResults(50)
.list();
4. 关联
你可以使用createCriteria()非常容易的在互相关联的实体间建立 约束。
查看复制到剪切板打印
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.createCriteria("kittens")
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.createCriteria("kittens")
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "F%")
.list();
注意第二个 createCriteria()返回一个新的 Criteria实例,该实例引用kittens 集合中的元素。
接下来,替换形态在某些情况下也是很有用的。
查看复制到剪切板打印
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.createAlias("kittens", "kt")
.createAlias("mate", "mt")
.add( Restrictions.eqProperty("kt.name", "mt.name") )
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.createAlias("kittens", "kt")
.createAlias("mate", "mt")
.add( Restrictions.eqProperty("kt.name", "mt.name") )
.list();
(createAlias()并不创建一个新的 Criteria实例。)
Cat实例所保存的之前两次查询所返回的kittens集合是 没有被条件预过滤的。如果你希望只获得
符合条件的kittens, 你必须使用returnMaps()。
查看复制到剪切板打印
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.createCriteria("kittens", "kt")
.add( Restrictions.eq("name", "F%") )
.returnMaps()
.list();
Iterator iter = cats.iterator();
while ( iter.hasNext() ) {
Map map = (Map) iter.next();
Cat cat = (Cat) map.get(Criteria.ROOT_ALIAS);
Cat kitten = (Cat) map.get("kt");
}
5. 动态关联抓取
你可以使用setFetchMode()在运行时定义动态关联抓取的语义。
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List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") )
.setFetchMode("mate", FetchMode.EAGER)
.setFetchMode("kittens", FetchMode.EAGER)
.list();
List cats = sess.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Restrictions.like("name", "Fritz%") ) .setFetchMode("mate", FetchMode.EAGER) .setFetchMode("kittens", FetchMode.EAGER) .list();
这个查询可以通过外连接抓取mate和kittens。
6. 查询示例
org.hibernate.criterion.Example类允许你通过一个给定实例 构建一个条件查询。
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Cat cat = new Cat();
cat.setSex('F');
cat.setColor(Color.BLACK);
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Example.create(cat) )
.list();
Cat cat = new Cat(); cat.setSex('F'); cat.setColor(Color.BLACK); List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Example.create(cat) ) .list();
版本属性、标识符和关联被忽略。默认情况下值为null的属性将被排除。
可以自行调整Example使之更实用。
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Example example = Example.create(cat)
.excludeZeroes() //exclude zero valued properties
.excludeProperty("color") //exclude the property named "color"
.ignoreCase() //perform case insensitive string comparisons
.enableLike(); //use like for string comparisons
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add(example)
.list();
Example example = Example.create(cat) .excludeZeroes() //exclude zero valued properties .excludeProperty("color") //exclude the property named "color" .ignoreCase() //perform case insensitive string comparisons .enableLike(); //use like for string comparisons List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add(example) .list();
甚至可以使用examples在关联对象上放置条件。
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Example.create(cat) )
.createCriteria("mate")
.add( Example.create( cat.getMate() ) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Example.create(cat) ) .createCriteria("mate") .add( Example.create( cat.getMate() ) ) .list();
7. 投影(Projections)、聚合(aggregation)和分组(grouping)
org.hibernate.criterion.Projections是 Projection 的实例工厂。我们通过调用
setProjection()应用投影到一个查询。
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.rowCount() )
.add( Restrictions.eq("color", Color.BLACK) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.rowCount() ) .add( Restrictions.eq("color", Color.BLACK) ) .list();
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount() )
.add( Projections.avg("weight") )
.add( Projections.max("weight") )
.add( Projections.groupProperty("color") )
)
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.projectionList() .add( Projections.rowCount() ) .add( Projections.avg("weight") ) .add( Projections.max("weight") ) .add( Projections.groupProperty("color") ) ) .list();
在一个条件查询中没有必要显式的使用 "group by" 。某些投影类型就是被定义为 分组投影,他
们也出现在SQL的group by子句中。
可以选择把一个别名指派给一个投影,这样可以使投影值被约束或排序所引用。下面是两种不同的
实现方式:
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.alias( Projections.groupProperty("color"), "colr" ) )
.addOrder( Order.asc("colr") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.alias( Projections.groupProperty("color"), "colr" ) ) .addOrder( Order.asc("colr") ) .list();
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.groupProperty("color").as("colr") )
.addOrder( Order.asc("colr") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.groupProperty("color").as("colr") ) .addOrder( Order.asc("colr") ) .list();
alias()和as()方法简便的将一个投影实例包装到另外一个 别名的Projection实例中。简而言之,
当你添加一个投影到一个投影列表中时 你可以为它指定一个别名:
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount(), "catCountByColor" )
.add( Projections.avg("weight"), "avgWeight" )
.add( Projections.max("weight"), "maxWeight" )
.add( Projections.groupProperty("color"), "color" )
)
.addOrder( Order.desc("catCountByColor") )
.addOrder( Order.desc("avgWeight") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.projectionList() .add( Projections.rowCount(), "catCountByColor" ) .add( Projections.avg("weight"), "avgWeight" ) .add( Projections.max("weight"), "maxWeight" ) .add( Projections.groupProperty("color"), "color" ) ) .addOrder( Order.desc("catCountByColor") ) .addOrder( Order.desc("avgWeight") ) .list();
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List results = session.createCriteria(Domestic.class, "cat")
.createAlias("kittens", "kit")
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.property("cat.name"), "catName" )
.add( Projections.property("kit.name"), "kitName" )
)
.addOrder( Order.asc("catName") )
.addOrder( Order.asc("kitName") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Domestic.class, "cat") .createAlias("kittens", "kit") .setProjection( Projections.projectionList() .add( Projections.property("cat.name"), "catName" ) .add( Projections.property("kit.name"), "kitName" ) ) .addOrder( Order.asc("catName") ) .addOrder( Order.asc("kitName") ) .list();
也可以使用Property.forName()来表示投影:
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Property.forName("name") )
.add( Property.forName("color").eq(Color.BLACK) )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Property.forName("name") ) .add( Property.forName("color").eq(Color.BLACK) ) .list();
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List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Projections.projectionList()
.add( Projections.rowCount().as("catCountByColor") )
.add( Property.forName("weight").avg().as("avgWeight") )
.add( Property.forName("weight").max().as("maxWeight") )
.add( Property.forName("color").group().as("color" )
)
.addOrder( Order.desc("catCountByColor") )
.addOrder( Order.desc("avgWeight") )
.list();
List results = session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .setProjection( Projections.projectionList() .add( Projections.rowCount().as("catCountByColor") ) .add( Property.forName("weight").avg().as("avgWeight") ) .add( Property.forName("weight").max().as("maxWeight") ) .add( Property.forName("color").group().as("color" ) ) .addOrder( Order.desc("catCountByColor") ) .addOrder( Order.desc("avgWeight") ) .list();
8. 离线(detached)查询和子查询
DetachedCriteria类使你在一个session范围之外创建一个查询,并且可以使用任意的 Session来
执行它。
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DetachedCriteria query = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class)
.add( Property.forName("sex").eq('F') );
//创建一个Session
Session session = .;
Transaction txn = session.beginTransaction();
List results = query.getExecutableCriteria(session).setMaxResults(100).list();
txn.commit();
session.close();
DetachedCriteria query = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class) .add( Property.forName("sex").eq('F') ); //创建一个Session Session session = .; Transaction txn = session.beginTransaction(); List results = query.getExecutableCriteria(session).setMaxResults(100).list(); txn.commit(); session.close();
DetachedCriteria也可以用以表示子查询。条件实例包含子查询可以通过 Subqueries或者
Property获得。
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DetachedCriteria avgWeight = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Property.forName("weight").avg() );
session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Property.forName("weight).gt(avgWeight) )
.list();
DetachedCriteria weights = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class)
.setProjection( Property.forName("weight") );
session.createCriteria(Cat.class)
.add( Subqueries.geAll("weight", weights) )
.list();
DetachedCriteria avgWeight = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class) .setProjection( Property.forName("weight").avg() ); session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Property.forName("weight).gt(avgWeight) ) .list(); DetachedCriteria weights = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class) .setProjection( Property.forName("weight") ); session.createCriteria(Cat.class) .add( Subqueries.geAll("weight", weights) ) .list();
相互关联的子查询也是有可能的:
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DetachedCriteria avgWeightForSex = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Cat.class, "cat2")
.setProjection( Property.forName("weight").avg() )
.add( Property.forName("cat2.sex").eqProperty("cat.sex") );
session.createCriteria(Cat.class, "cat")
.add( Property.forName("weight).gt(avgWeightForSex) )
.list();