LeetCode Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal

Given inorder and postorder traversal of a tree, construct the binary tree.

思路分析:这题主要考察递归,我们可以画一个二叉树的实例来具体分析。比如如果postorder 是84526731,inorder是84521637,首先我们可以知道postorder的最后一个数1必然是root,然后我们可以在inorder里面找到这个root 1,进而把inorder划分成了左半部分8452和右半部分637,显然8452和637就是左右子树的inorder序列。同时我们还可以求出左右子树中node的个数,在这个例子中左子树有4个node,右子树有3个node,然后我们可以利用这个信息去postorder里面去找到左右子树的postorder序列,分别是8452和673,于是我们就知道了左子树和右子树的inorder及postorder,划归为了规模小1的原问题,于是就可以递归实现了。实现中用到了一个hashmap来保存inorder从value到index的映射,可以在o(1)的时间内从val得到index。注意这题假设树中所有val没有重复,如果有重复要在inorder中找到哪个是root就困难了。遇到关于tree的题目往往和递归有关,可以通过画一个实例来找规律,找出f(n)和f(n-1)的关系,一般可以从f(n-1)出发推算出f(n),就可以递归实现。

AC Code

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public TreeNode buildTree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder) {
        HashMap<Integer, Integer> inorderValueToIndexMap = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
        for(int i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++){
            inorderValueToIndexMap.put(inorder[i], i);
        }
        return buildTreeHelper(postorder, 0, postorder.length - 1, inorder, 0, inorder.length - 1, inorderValueToIndexMap);
    }
    
    public TreeNode buildTreeHelper(int [] postorder, int ps, int pe, int[] inorder, int is, int ie, HashMap<Integer, Integer> inorderValueToIndexMap){
        if(ps > pe || is > ie) return null;
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(postorder[pe]);
        int indexOfRootInorder = inorderValueToIndexMap.get(root.val);
        int leftNum = indexOfRootInorder - is;
        int rightNum = ie - indexOfRootInorder;
        root.left = buildTreeHelper(postorder, ps, ps + leftNum - 1, inorder, indexOfRootInorder - leftNum, indexOfRootInorder -1, inorderValueToIndexMap);
        root.right = buildTreeHelper(postorder, ps + leftNum, ps + leftNum + rightNum - 1, inorder, indexOfRootInorder + 1, indexOfRootInorder + rightNum, inorderValueToIndexMap);
        return root;
    }
}


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