基于注解管理bean

Spring 提供了以下多个注解，这些注解可以直接标注在 Java 类上，将它们定义成 Spring Bean。

注解	说明
@Component	该注解用于描述 Spring 中的 Bean，它是一个泛化的概念，仅仅表示容器中的一个组件（Bean），并且可以作用在应用的任何层次，例如 Service 层、Dao 层等。 使用时只需将该注解标注在相应类上即可。
@Repository	该注解用于将数据访问层（Dao 层）的类标识为 Spring 中的 Bean，其功能与 @Component 相同。
@Service	该注解通常作用在业务层（Service 层），用于将业务层的类标识为 Spring 中的 Bean，其功能与 @Component 相同。
@Controller	该注解通常作用在控制层（如SpringMVC 的 Controller），用于将控制层的类标识为 Spring 中的 Bean，其功能与 @Component 相同。

Autowired注入:

源码中有两处需要注意：

• 第一处：该注解可以标注在哪里？

• • 构造方法上
  • 方法上
  • 形参上
  • 属性上
  • 注解上

• 第二处：该注解有一个required属性，默认值是true，表示在注入的时候要求被注入的Bean必须是存在的，如果不存在则报错。如果required属性设置为false，表示注入的Bean存在或者不存在都没关系，存在的话就注入，不存在的话，也不报错。

①场景一：属性注入

创建UserDao接口

package com.atguigu.spring6.dao;

public interface UserDao {

    public void print();
}

创建UserDaoImpl实现

package com.atguigu.spring6.dao.impl;

import com.atguigu.spring6.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("Dao层执行结束");
    }
}

创建UserService接口

package com.atguigu.spring6.service;

public interface UserService {

    public void out();
}

创建UserServiceImpl实现类

package com.atguigu.spring6.service.impl;

import com.atguigu.spring6.dao.UserDao;
import com.atguigu.spring6.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public void out() {
        userDao.print();
        System.out.println("Service层执行结束");
    }
}

创建UserController类

package com.atguigu.spring6.controller;

import com.atguigu.spring6.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    public void out() {
        userService.out();
        System.out.println("Controller层执行结束。");
    }

}

测试一

package com.atguigu.spring6.bean;

import com.atguigu.spring6.controller.UserController;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class UserTest {

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserTest.class);

    @Test
    public void testAnnotation(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
        UserController userController = context.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
        userController.out();
        logger.info("执行成功");
    }
}

②场景二：set注入

修改UserServiceImpl类

package com.atguigu.spring6.service.impl;

import com.atguigu.spring6.dao.UserDao;
import com.atguigu.spring6.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;

    @Autowired
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void out() {
        userDao.print();
        System.out.println("Service层执行结束");
    }
}

修改UserController类

package com.atguigu.spring6.controller;

import com.atguigu.spring6.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    public void out() {
        userService.out();
        System.out.println("Controller层执行结束。");
    }

}

③场景三：构造方法注入

修改UserServiceImpl类

package com.atguigu.spring6.service.impl;

import com.atguigu.spring6.dao.UserDao;
import com.atguigu.spring6.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;

    @Autowired
    public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void out() {
        userDao.print();
        System.out.println("Service层执行结束");
    }
}

修改UserController类

package com.atguigu.spring6.controller;

import com.atguigu.spring6.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    public UserController(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    public void out() {
        userService.out();
        System.out.println("Controller层执行结束。");
    }

}

④场景四：形参上注入

修改UserServiceImpl类

package com.atguigu.spring6.service.impl;

import com.atguigu.spring6.dao.UserDao;
import com.atguigu.spring6.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;

    public UserServiceImpl(@Autowired UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void out() {
        userDao.print();
        System.out.println("Service层执行结束");
    }
}

修改UserController类

package com.atguigu.spring6.controller;

import com.atguigu.spring6.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    private UserService userService;

    public UserController(@Autowired UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    public void out() {
        userService.out();
        System.out.println("Controller层执行结束。");
    }

}